Query Frontend: add new field for dense native histogram format

pkg/api/handlers.go

@@ -233,7 +233,9 @@ func NewQuerierHandler(
 	)
 
 	// JSON codec is already installed. Install Protobuf codec to give the option for using either.
-	api.InstallCodec(codec.ProtobufCodec{})
+	api.InstallCodec(codec.ProtobufCodec{CortexInternal: false})
+	// Protobuf codec for Cortex internal requests. This should be used by Cortex Ruler only for remote evaluation.
+	api.InstallCodec(codec.ProtobufCodec{CortexInternal: true})
 
 	router := mux.NewRouter()
 

pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec.go

@@ -13,10 +13,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/querier/tripperware"
 )
 
-type ProtobufCodec struct{}
+type ProtobufCodec struct {
+	// cortexInternal enables encoding the whole native histogram data fields in response instead of keeping
+	// only few sparse information like the default JSON/Protobuf codec does.
+	// This will be used by Cortex Ruler to get native histograms data from Cortex Query Frontend because
+	// rule evaluation requires the full native histogram data.
+	CortexInternal bool
+}
 
 func (p ProtobufCodec) ContentType() v1.MIMEType {
-	return v1.MIMEType{Type: "application", SubType: "x-protobuf"}
+	if !p.CortexInternal {
+		return v1.MIMEType{Type: "application", SubType: "x-protobuf"}
+	}
+	// TODO: switch to use constants.
+	return v1.MIMEType{Type: "application", SubType: "application/x-cortex-query+proto"}
 }
 
 func (p ProtobufCodec) CanEncode(resp *v1.Response) bool {
@@ -29,15 +39,15 @@ func (p ProtobufCodec) CanEncode(resp *v1.Response) bool {
 
 // ProtobufCodec implementation is derived from https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/web/api/v1/json_codec.go
 func (p ProtobufCodec) Encode(resp *v1.Response) ([]byte, error) {
-	prometheusQueryResponse, err := createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp)
+	prometheusQueryResponse, err := createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp, p.CortexInternal)
 	if err != nil {
 		return []byte{}, err
 	}
 	b, err := proto.Marshal(prometheusQueryResponse)
 	return b, err
 }
 
-func createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp *v1.Response) (*tripperware.PrometheusResponse, error) {
+func createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp *v1.Response, cortexInternal bool) (*tripperware.PrometheusResponse, error) {
 	var data = resp.Data.(*v1.QueryData)
 
 	var queryResult tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult
@@ -51,7 +61,10 @@ func createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp *v1.Response) (*tripperware.PrometheusRe
 	case model.ValVector.String():
 		queryResult.Result = &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Vector{
 			Vector: &tripperware.Vector{
-				Samples: *getVectorSamples(data),
+				// cortexInternal tries to encode native histogram as dense format instead of sparse format.
+				// This is only used for vector response type since internal response is only available for Ruler
+				// client and Ruler only expects vector or scalar response type.
+				Samples: *getVectorSamples(data, cortexInternal),
 			},
 		}
 	default:
@@ -113,9 +126,9 @@ func getMatrixSampleStreams(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.SampleStream {
 		}
 
 		histogramsLen := len(sampleStream.Histograms)
-		var histograms []tripperware.SampleHistogramPair
+		var histograms []*tripperware.SampleHistogramPair
 		if histogramsLen > 0 {
-			histograms = make([]tripperware.SampleHistogramPair, histogramsLen)
+			histograms = make([]*tripperware.SampleHistogramPair, histogramsLen)
 			for j := 0; j < histogramsLen; j++ {
 				bucketsLen := len(sampleStream.Histograms[j].H.NegativeBuckets) + len(sampleStream.Histograms[j].H.PositiveBuckets)
 				if sampleStream.Histograms[j].H.ZeroCount > 0 {
@@ -124,7 +137,7 @@ func getMatrixSampleStreams(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.SampleStream {
 				buckets := make([]*tripperware.HistogramBucket, bucketsLen)
 				it := sampleStream.Histograms[j].H.AllBucketIterator()
 				getBuckets(buckets, it)
-				histograms[j] = tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
+				histograms[j] = &tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
 					TimestampMs: sampleStream.Histograms[j].T,
 					Histogram: tripperware.SampleHistogram{
 						Count:   sampleStream.Histograms[j].H.Count,
@@ -139,7 +152,7 @@ func getMatrixSampleStreams(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.SampleStream {
 	return &sampleStreams
 }
 
-func getVectorSamples(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.Sample {
+func getVectorSamples(data *v1.QueryData, cortexInternal bool) *[]tripperware.Sample {
 	vectorSamplesLen := len(data.Result.(promql.Vector))
 	vectorSamples := make([]tripperware.Sample, vectorSamplesLen)
 
@@ -158,27 +171,37 @@ func getVectorSamples(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.Sample {
 		}
 		vectorSamples[i].Labels = labels
 
-		if sample.H != nil {
-			bucketsLen := len(sample.H.NegativeBuckets) + len(sample.H.PositiveBuckets)
-			if sample.H.ZeroCount > 0 {
-				bucketsLen = len(sample.H.NegativeBuckets) + len(sample.H.PositiveBuckets) + 1
-			}
-			buckets := make([]*tripperware.HistogramBucket, bucketsLen)
-			it := sample.H.AllBucketIterator()
-			getBuckets(buckets, it)
-			vectorSamples[i].Histogram = &tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
-				TimestampMs: sample.T,
-				Histogram: tripperware.SampleHistogram{
-					Count:   sample.H.Count,
-					Sum:     sample.H.Sum,
-					Buckets: buckets,
-				},
-			}
-		} else {
+		// Float samples only.
+		if sample.H == nil {
 			vectorSamples[i].Sample = &cortexpb.Sample{
 				TimestampMs: sample.T,
 				Value:       sample.F,
 			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Cortex Internal request. Encode dense float native histograms.
+		if cortexInternal {
+			hp := cortexpb.FloatHistogramToHistogramProto(sample.T, sample.H)
+			vectorSamples[i].RawHistogram = &hp
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Encode sparse native histograms.
+		bucketsLen := len(sample.H.NegativeBuckets) + len(sample.H.PositiveBuckets)
+		if sample.H.ZeroCount > 0 {
+			bucketsLen = len(sample.H.NegativeBuckets) + len(sample.H.PositiveBuckets) + 1
+		}
+		buckets := make([]*tripperware.HistogramBucket, bucketsLen)
+		it := sample.H.AllBucketIterator()
+		getBuckets(buckets, it)
+		vectorSamples[i].Histogram = &tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
+			TimestampMs: sample.T,
+			Histogram: tripperware.SampleHistogram{
+				Count:   sample.H.Count,
+				Sum:     sample.H.Sum,
+				Buckets: buckets,
+			},
 		}
 	}
 	return &vectorSamples

pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec_test.go

@@ -17,9 +17,29 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestProtobufCodec_Encode(t *testing.T) {
+	testFloatHistogram := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		Schema:        2,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		ZeroCount:     12,
+		Count:         10,
+		Sum:           20,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 3},
+		},
+		NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 2, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 2, 2, 1, 1},
+		NegativeBuckets: []float64{2, 1},
+	}
+	testProtoHistogram := cortexpb.FloatHistogramToHistogramProto(1000, testFloatHistogram)
+
 	tests := []struct {
-		data     interface{}
-		expected *tripperware.PrometheusResponse
+		name           string
+		data           *v1.QueryData
+		cortexInternal bool
+		expected       *tripperware.PrometheusResponse
 	}{
 		{
 			data: &v1.QueryData{
@@ -207,23 +227,8 @@ func TestProtobufCodec_Encode(t *testing.T) {
 				ResultType: parser.ValueTypeMatrix,
 				Result: promql.Matrix{
 					promql.Series{
-						Histograms: []promql.HPoint{{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{
-							Schema:        2,
-							ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-							ZeroCount:     12,
-							Count:         10,
-							Sum:           20,
-							PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-								{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
-								{Offset: 1, Length: 3},
-							},
-							NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-								{Offset: 2, Length: 2},
-							},
-							PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 2, 2, 1, 1},
-							NegativeBuckets: []float64{2, 1},
-						}, T: 1000}},
-						Metric: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo"),
+						Histograms: []promql.HPoint{{H: testFloatHistogram, T: 1000}},
+						Metric:     labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo"),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -239,7 +244,7 @@ func TestProtobufCodec_Encode(t *testing.T) {
 										Labels: []cortexpb.LabelAdapter{
 											{Name: "__name__", Value: "foo"},
 										},
-										Histograms: []tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
+										Histograms: []*tripperware.SampleHistogramPair{
 											{
 												TimestampMs: 1000,
 												Histogram: tripperware.SampleHistogram{
@@ -313,22 +318,7 @@ func TestProtobufCodec_Encode(t *testing.T) {
 					promql.Sample{
 						Metric: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo"),
 						T:      1000,
-						H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{
-							Schema:        2,
-							ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-							ZeroCount:     12,
-							Count:         10,
-							Sum:           20,
-							PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-								{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
-								{Offset: 1, Length: 3},
-							},
-							NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-								{Offset: 2, Length: 2},
-							},
-							PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 2, 2, 1, 1},
-							NegativeBuckets: []float64{2, 1},
-						},
+						H:      testFloatHistogram,
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -409,17 +399,53 @@ func TestProtobufCodec_Encode(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:           "cortex internal with native histogram",
+			cortexInternal: true,
+			data: &v1.QueryData{
+				ResultType: parser.ValueTypeVector,
+				Result: promql.Vector{
+					promql.Sample{
+						Metric: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo"),
+						T:      1000,
+						H:      testFloatHistogram,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &tripperware.PrometheusResponse{
+				Status: tripperware.StatusSuccess,
+				Data: tripperware.PrometheusData{
+					ResultType: model.ValVector.String(),
+					Result: tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult{
+						Result: &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Vector{
+							Vector: &tripperware.Vector{
+								Samples: []tripperware.Sample{
+									{
+										Labels: []cortexpb.LabelAdapter{
+											{Name: "__name__", Value: "foo"},
+										},
+										RawHistogram: &testProtoHistogram,
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
-	codec := ProtobufCodec{}
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		body, err := codec.Encode(&v1.Response{
-			Status: tripperware.StatusSuccess,
-			Data:   test.data,
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			codec := ProtobufCodec{CortexInternal: test.cortexInternal}
+			body, err := codec.Encode(&v1.Response{
+				Status: tripperware.StatusSuccess,
+				Data:   test.data,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			b, err := proto.Marshal(test.expected)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, string(b), string(body))
 		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		b, err := proto.Marshal(test.expected)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, string(b), string(body))
 	}
 }

pkg/querier/tripperware/merge.go

@@ -372,8 +372,18 @@ func mergeSampleStreams(output map[string]SampleStream, sampleStreams []SampleSt
 				stream.Histograms = sliceHistograms(stream.Histograms, existingEndTs)
 			}
 		}
+		// Same for above.
+		if len(existing.RawHistograms) > 0 && len(stream.RawHistograms) > 0 {
+			existingEndTs := existing.RawHistograms[len(existing.RawHistograms)-1].GetTimestampMs()
+			if existingEndTs == stream.RawHistograms[0].GetTimestampMs() {
+				stream.RawHistograms = stream.RawHistograms[1:]
+			} else if existingEndTs > stream.RawHistograms[0].GetTimestampMs() {
+				stream.RawHistograms = sliceRawHistograms(stream.RawHistograms, existingEndTs)
+			}
+		}
 		existing.Samples = append(existing.Samples, stream.Samples...)
 		existing.Histograms = append(existing.Histograms, stream.Histograms...)
+		existing.RawHistograms = append(existing.RawHistograms, stream.RawHistograms...)
 
 		output[metric] = existing
 	}
@@ -404,7 +414,27 @@ func sliceSamples(samples []cortexpb.Sample, minTs int64) []cortexpb.Sample {
 // return a sub slice whose first element's is the smallest timestamp that is strictly
 // bigger than the given minTs. Empty slice is returned if minTs is bigger than all the
 // timestamps in histogram.
-func sliceHistograms(histograms []SampleHistogramPair, minTs int64) []SampleHistogramPair {
+func sliceHistograms(histograms []*SampleHistogramPair, minTs int64) []*SampleHistogramPair {
+	if len(histograms) <= 0 || minTs < histograms[0].GetTimestampMs() {
+		return histograms
+	}
+
+	if len(histograms) > 0 && minTs > histograms[len(histograms)-1].GetTimestampMs() {
+		return histograms[len(histograms):]
+	}
+
+	searchResult := sort.Search(len(histograms), func(i int) bool {
+		return histograms[i].GetTimestampMs() > minTs
+	})
+
+	return histograms[searchResult:]
+}
+
+// sliceRawHistograms assumes given histogram are sorted by timestamp in ascending order and
+// return a sub slice whose first element's is the smallest timestamp that is strictly
+// bigger than the given minTs. Empty slice is returned if minTs is bigger than all the
+// timestamps in histogram.
+func sliceRawHistograms(histograms []*cortexpb.Histogram, minTs int64) []*cortexpb.Histogram {
 	if len(histograms) <= 0 || minTs < histograms[0].GetTimestampMs() {
 		return histograms
 	}