Add lazy workflow/step discovery via deferredEntries in next by ijjk · Pull Request #976 · vercel/workflow

ijjk · 2026-02-07T20:39:01Z

No description provided.

changeset-bot · 2026-02-07T20:39:06Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f15b248

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

vercel · 2026-02-07T20:39:10Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 7, 2026 10:47pm

github-actions · 2026-02-07T20:39:10Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	368	0	55	423
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	29	159	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1856	159	253	2268

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (159 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (41 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (40 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	4
✅ example	43	4
✅ express	43	4
✅ fastify	43	4
✅ hono	43	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	1
✅ nitro	43	4
✅ nuxt	43	4
✅ sveltekit	43	4
✅ vite	43	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	7
✅ express-stable	40	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	7
✅ hono-stable	40	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	7
✅ vite-stable	40	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	7
✅ express-stable	40	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	7
✅ hono-stable	40	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	7
✅ vite-stable	40	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	7
✅ express-stable	40	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	7
✅ hono-stable	40	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	7
✅ vite-stable	40	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	3	41	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	40	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	7

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

Vercel Prod: success
Local Dev: failure
Local Prod: success
Local Postgres: success
Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

github-actions · 2026-02-07T20:39:11Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.025s (-1.2%)	1.004s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-13.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.240s (-45.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.770s	10	9.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.310s (+42.1% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.699s	10	12.42x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.340s (+199.6% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.670s	10	13.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.787s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.738s (-0.5%)	1.950s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.910s (+4.7%)	2.863s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.954s	10	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.926s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.584s (-2.6%)	1.658s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.933s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.098s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.104s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.112s (-29.9% 🟢)	0.442s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.184s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.830s	10	2.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.408s (-1.1%)	3.015s (~)	0.607s	10	2.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.558s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.872s (-3.3%)	1.313s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.638s (-2.4%)	3.918s (-2.4%)	1.280s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.799s (+0.8%)	4.058s (+2.1%)	1.258s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.543s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.480s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.303s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.803s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.218s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.043s (-0.9%)	15.546s (-3.1%)	0.503s	2	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.310s (-24.7% 🟢)	16.049s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.738s	2	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.282s (~)	21.063s (~)	0.781s	2	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	19.590s (-4.9%)	21.196s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.606s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.617s (-5.0%)	21.521s (-1.1%)	1.904s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	20.131s (-1.7%)	21.447s (-3.3%)	1.316s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	26.768s (~)	27.050s (~)	0.281s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.164s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.887s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.482s (~)	28.051s (~)	0.568s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	38.966s (+3.2%)	39.099s (+2.7%)	0.133s	2	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Express	43.383s (-13.9% 🟢)	44.118s (-13.7% 🟢)	0.734s	2	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.306s (~)	50.636s (-1.0%)	0.330s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	48.972s (-6.9% 🟢)	50.550s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.578s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	49.117s (-5.7% 🟢)	50.911s (-4.9%)	1.794s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.615s (-1.3%)	51.031s (-2.7%)	1.415s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	55.511s (~)	56.099s (~)	0.589s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.562s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.536s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.099s (~)	0.940s	2	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.294s (-24.9% 🟢)	75.674s (-25.2% 🟢)	0.380s	2	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	99.772s (+34.1% 🔺)	100.226s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.454s	1	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.217s (+2.5%)	100.229s (+2.1%)	0.012s	1	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	101.288s (~)	103.268s (-0.6%)	1.980s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	103.574s (~)	104.718s (-1.3%)	1.144s	1	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	105.122s (-0.7%)	106.858s (~)	1.736s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.370s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.635s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.396s (-2.3%)	2.004s (~)	0.608s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.412s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.592s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.758s (-25.4% 🟢)	2.320s (-23.0% 🟢)	0.562s	13	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.252s (-4.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.762s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s (+15.9% 🔺)	2.831s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.496s	11	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.714s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.957s (-4.9%)	1.243s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.749s (-3.3%)	3.965s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.216s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.864s (-14.6% 🟢)	4.165s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.301s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.294s (+2.5%)	3.007s (~)	0.713s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-1.2%)	3.007s (~)	0.536s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	2.571s (-3.1%)	3.007s (~)	0.436s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7.761s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.283s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.522s	4	3.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.136s (+20.7% 🔺)	9.529s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.393s	4	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.447s (-3.5%)	11.701s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.254s	3	4.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.673s (+14.7% 🔺)	4.960s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.288s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.966s (+23.5% 🔺)	5.283s (+22.3% 🔺)	1.317s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.266s (+61.5% 🔺)	6.321s (+37.4% 🔺)	1.055s	5	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	6.262s (+3.4%)	7.014s (+6.0% 🔺)	0.752s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.210s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.018s (~)	0.807s	4	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.275s (-1.4%)	7.765s (~)	0.491s	4	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	46.632s (+2.4%)	47.157s (+2.2%)	0.525s	1	7.45x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.338s (+1.8%)	51.121s (+1.9%)	0.783s	1	8.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	54.762s (-3.2%)	55.125s (-3.5%)	0.363s	1	8.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.773s (-26.4% 🟢)	5.222s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.449s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.871s (-46.0% 🟢)	5.090s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.219s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.279s (-37.9% 🟢)	7.046s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.767s	5	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.378s (+0.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.628s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.402s (-1.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.416s (-0.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.589s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.059s (-4.1%)	2.512s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.452s	12	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.171s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.832s (~)	0.661s	11	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s (+17.4% 🔺)	2.923s (+35.7% 🔺)	0.710s	11	1.61x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.752s (-48.2% 🟢)	3.878s (-43.0% 🟢)	1.125s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.784s (-18.5% 🟢)	4.199s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.415s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.907s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.032s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.125s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.400s (+1.0%)	3.006s (~)	0.606s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.400s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	2.673s (-4.1%)	3.007s (~)	0.334s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.432s (+25.6% 🔺)	12.703s (+22.6% 🔺)	0.271s	3	5.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.914s (+4.9%)	13.371s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.458s	3	5.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.124s (+19.5% 🔺)	14.700s (+18.9% 🔺)	0.576s	3	5.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.946s (-0.8%)	4.212s (-2.6%)	1.265s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.973s (-3.0%)	4.364s (+2.1%)	1.392s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.021s (-0.7%)	4.503s (+3.8%)	1.482s	7	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	6.895s (~)	7.215s (~)	0.320s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.448s (-3.1%)	8.015s (~)	0.566s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	7.920s (-3.5%)	8.519s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.599s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	48.037s (-10.0% 🟢)	49.125s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.088s	1	6.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.540s (+5.0% 🔺)	56.129s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.589s	1	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	58.629s (+6.4% 🔺)	59.122s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.493s	1	8.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.438s (-50.3% 🟢)	4.928s (-39.6% 🟢)	1.490s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.493s (-45.8% 🟢)	5.046s (-34.9% 🟢)	1.552s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.992s (-60.7% 🟢)	5.573s (-53.9% 🟢)	1.581s	6	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.114s (+1.0%)	1.002s (~)	0.009s (+1.1%)	1.014s (~)	0.900s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-2.7%)	1.000s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.871s	10	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (-1.1%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-10.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.837s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.153s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.935s (-26.0% 🟢)	0.001s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.012s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.860s	10	10.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.399s (+59.3% 🔺)	1.647s (+71.2% 🔺)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.013s (+66.3% 🔺)	0.614s	10	12.24x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+69.6% 🔺)	2.710s (+62.8% 🔺)	0.001s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.683s	10	20.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.526s (-10.6% 🟢)	3.297s (+2.5%)	0.134s (-44.0% 🟢)	4.234s (-2.8%)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.654s (~)	3.393s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.394s (+118.9% 🔺)	4.600s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.946s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.759s (+5.0%)	3.274s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.262s (+56.9% 🔺)	4.317s (+4.0%)	1.558s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4/12
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

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