🚧 use @ai-sdk/durable-agent by gr2m · Pull Request #960 · vercel/workflow

gr2m · 2026-02-06T06:25:44Z

do not merge. No promises, just experimenting

part of Make AI SDK work in workflows ai#12164
using snapshot release from 🚧 DurableAgent - DO NOT MERGE ai#12165

changeset-bot · 2026-02-06T06:25:49Z

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: e26a4f4

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github-actions · 2026-02-06T06:25:55Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
readableStreamWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
outputStreamWorkflow
outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
readableStreamWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
outputStreamWorkflow
outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
readableStreamWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
outputStreamWorkflow
outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
readableStreamWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
outputStreamWorkflow
outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	4
✅ example	43	4
✅ express	43	4
✅ fastify	43	4
✅ hono	43	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	1
✅ nitro	43	4
✅ nuxt	43	4
✅ sveltekit	43	4
✅ vite	43	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	4
✅ express-stable	43	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	4
✅ hono-stable	43	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	4
✅ vite-stable	43	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	4
✅ express-stable	43	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	4
✅ hono-stable	43	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	4
✅ vite-stable	43	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	4
✅ express-stable	43	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	4
✅ hono-stable	43	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	4
✅ vite-stable	43	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0
❌ mongodb	5	42
✅ redis-dev	3	0
❌ redis	5	42
✅ starter-dev	3	0
❌ starter	4	43
✅ turso-dev	3	0
❌ turso	5	42

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	4

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-02-06T06:25:57Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (-2.0%)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.054s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.020s (+1.2%)	0.965s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.212s (-47.2% 🟢)	1.014s (-2.7%)	0.802s	10	5.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.259s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.758s	10	6.79x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.428s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.021s (~)	0.593s	10	11.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.571s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.560s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.989s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.594s (+3.8%)	1.510s (-0.6%)	0.917s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.645s (-10.0% 🟢)	1.653s (+2.8%)	1.008s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.105s (+14.5% 🔺)	2.820s (+33.2% 🔺)	0.715s	10	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.133s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.015s (~)	0.882s	10	1.94x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.296s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.719s	10	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.604s (~)	3.643s (+1.0%)	1.039s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.701s (+4.4%)	3.654s (-1.3%)	0.953s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.707s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.906s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.200s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.698s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.321s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.836s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.184s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.842s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.172s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.040s (-2.0%)	15.538s (-3.1%)	0.498s	2	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.518s (-23.5% 🟢)	16.035s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.517s	2	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	19.430s (-3.7%)	20.039s (-4.8%)	0.609s	2	1.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	20.974s (-4.3%)	21.672s (-4.0%)	0.697s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.362s (-1.0%)	22.478s (+0.9%)	1.116s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.956s (+3.4%)	22.707s (+3.9%)	0.751s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.174s (~)	28.029s (~)	0.855s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.490s (~)	28.029s (~)	0.539s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.509s (~)	28.023s (~)	0.514s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	37.764s (~)	38.064s (~)	0.300s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.684s (-23.0% 🟢)	39.058s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.374s	2	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.313s (+31.3% 🔺)	51.069s (+30.7% 🔺)	0.755s	2	1.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.117s (+1.3%)	54.863s (+1.1%)	0.747s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	54.224s (-1.7%)	55.057s (-0.8%)	0.833s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	54.419s (+1.1%)	55.362s (+1.5%)	0.944s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.654s (~)	57.059s (~)	0.405s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.207s (~)	58.031s (~)	0.824s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	57.431s (+0.6%)	58.046s (~)	0.615s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	74.641s (-5.9% 🟢)	75.127s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.485s	2	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	75.257s (-20.9% 🟢)	76.106s (-20.8% 🟢)	0.848s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	99.162s (+31.5% 🔺)	100.163s (+31.6% 🔺)	1.001s	1	1.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	113.074s (+4.1%)	114.283s (+4.8%)	1.209s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	113.827s (-2.1%)	114.275s (-2.3%)	0.448s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	114.049s (+1.0%)	115.315s (+1.1%)	1.266s	1	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.399s (+1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.611s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.592s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.583s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.035s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.396s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.361s	13	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.213s (+26.8% 🔺)	2.930s (+31.1% 🔺)	0.716s	11	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.384s (+1.8%)	3.014s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.630s	10	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.738s (~)	3.637s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.898s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.774s (-10.6% 🟢)	3.787s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.012s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.848s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.903s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.540s (+0.5%)	3.037s (-1.0%)	0.497s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.597s (+1.1%)	3.013s (~)	0.417s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.605s (+1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.411s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.410s (-13.0% 🟢)	8.816s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.406s	4	3.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.132s (-7.0% 🟢)	9.528s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.396s	4	3.60x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.825s (+17.0% 🔺)	13.376s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.551s	3	5.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.817s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.694s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.877s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.187s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.890s (-0.6%)	0.703s	8	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.356s (+7.8% 🔺)	4.217s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.860s	8	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (~)	8.301s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.415s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.355s (+2.1%)	8.121s (+4.1%)	0.766s	4	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.528s (+2.6%)	8.503s (+5.0%)	0.976s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	43.384s (-5.1% 🟢)	44.151s (-4.5%)	0.767s	1	6.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	48.578s (-2.3%)	49.122s (-2.0%)	0.544s	1	7.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.424s (+6.3% 🔺)	56.276s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.852s	1	8.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.379s (-0.7%)	4.010s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.631s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.513s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.308s (+2.8%)	0.795s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.012s (+2.1%)	4.661s (-0.8%)	0.649s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s (+1.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.580s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.454s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.553s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.465s (+2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.541s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.047s (-2.6%)	2.512s (~)	0.465s	12	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.048s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.515s (-3.2%)	0.466s	12	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.283s (+1.8%)	2.749s (~)	0.466s	11	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.568s (-12.6% 🟢)	3.601s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.033s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.901s (+10.2% 🔺)	3.797s (+1.7%)	0.897s	8	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.904s (+13.5% 🔺)	3.828s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.924s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.634s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.516s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.685s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.737s (+4.4%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.289s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.169s (-6.2% 🟢)	11.735s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.565s	3	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.340s (-3.9%)	11.689s (-2.9%)	0.349s	3	4.31x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.232s (-1.5%)	13.744s (~)	0.512s	3	5.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.854s (~)	3.696s (-4.5%)	0.842s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.912s (+1.0%)	3.709s (-4.8%)	0.797s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.978s (+6.3% 🔺)	3.937s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.959s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.655s (-6.9% 🟢)	8.183s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.528s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.804s (+0.5%)	8.808s (+1.3%)	1.004s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	8.183s (+9.4% 🔺)	8.697s (+2.5%)	0.514s	4	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.160s (-7.0% 🟢)	51.260s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.100s	1	6.68x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.041s (~)	52.168s (-1.8%)	0.127s	1	6.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.631s (+3.0%)	56.157s (+3.7%)	0.526s	1	7.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.026s (-4.9%)	3.817s (+1.7%)	0.791s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.140s (-2.3%)	3.891s (-1.7%)	0.751s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.424s (+1.0%)	4.218s (+3.8%)	0.794s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	1.026s (~)	0.877s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.186s (+1.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+2.9%)	1.022s (~)	0.836s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.832s	10	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.897s (-14.9% 🟢)	1.212s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.321s (-13.0% 🟢)	0.423s	10	6.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.361s (+22.0% 🔺)	1.683s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.653s	10	9.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.468s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.637s (-4.3%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.546s	10	9.85x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.608s (-3.6%)	2.996s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.214s (-26.3% 🟢)	3.618s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.010s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.641s (~)	3.116s (-3.0%)	0.192s (-2.5%)	3.861s (-1.6%)	1.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.659s (+4.2%)	2.997s (-3.5%)	0.167s (-34.7% 🟢)	3.730s (-1.0%)	1.071s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

vercel · 2026-02-06T06:25:58Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 7:14am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 7:14am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 7:14am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 6, 2026 7:14am
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use @ai-sdk/durable-agent

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📊 Benchmark Results

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