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41 changes: 19 additions & 22 deletions en/incident-response/sexual-assault/beginner/s_risk-factors.md
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Expand Up @@ -8,48 +8,45 @@ title: Risk factors
* Areas in which a government has little or no control;
* A conservative society which restricts contact between unmarried men and women;
* Settings where it is common practice to extort sexual favours.
* The presence of many young men with access to arms.
* The presence of many young men with access to arms.

This could include:

* Paramilitaries or police reputed to breach international standards of law;
* Undisciplined government soldiers;
* Rebel groups and violent youth movements;
* Demobilised, unemployed soldiers;
* Armed criminals who may commit sexual assault if they find a victim while commiting a robbery.
* Paramilitaries or police reputed to breach international standards of law;
* Undisciplined government soldiers;
* Rebel groups and violent youth movements;
* Demobilised, unemployed soldiers;
* Armed criminals who may commit sexual assault if they find a victim while commiting a robbery.

## General risk areas

* Districts in which militia operate;
* The area surrounding a refugee camp or the periphery of a
camp;
* The area surrounding a refugee camp or the periphery of a camp;
* Certain neighbourhoods in a town or city;
* Prisons (men and women detained in police stations or in prison are often victims of rape);
* Certain types of hotels;
* Border crossings and checkpoints.
* Certain types of hotels;
* Border crossings and checkpoints.

## General risk periods

* After dark;
* During festivals and celebrations;
* During aid distributions;
* When women go to collect water or firewood or go to the
toilet;
* When armed groups are fleeing in defeat;
* When troops enter a town they have just captured.
* After dark;
* During festivals and celebrations;
* During aid distributions;
* When women go to collect water or firewood or go to the toilet;
* When armed groups are fleeing in defeat;
* When troops enter a town they have just captured.

## People at risk

Some people may be at higher risk in some contexts. In conflict-ridden environments, there may be a higher risk of gang rape, aggravated assault (i.e. being threatened by weapons) and HIV infection as a result of rape.

* People of a particular ethnic group;
* People living in an environment where they have
few or no social ties;
* People living in an environment where they have few or no social ties;
* Western women;
* Widows or female heads of household;
* Teenage girls (because they are thought less likely to have HIV);
* Marginalized persons, including gender and sexual minorities.
* Teenage girls (because they are thought less likely to have HIV);
* Marginalized persons, including gender and sexual minorities.

*Fifty percent (50%) or more of all transgender and gender
non-conforming people have experienced some form of
sexual abuse.* Forge Transgender Sexual Violence Project, ["A Self-Help Guide to Healing and Understanding,"](https://forge-forward.org/wp-content/docs/self-help-guide-to-healing-2015-FINAL.pdf) September 2015.
sexual abuse.* Forge Transgender Sexual Violence Project, ["A Self-Help Guide to Healing and Understanding,"](https://forge-forward.org/wp-content/docs/self-help-guide-to-healing-2015-FINAL.pdf) September 2015.