Make coverage instrumentation more robust (#16235)

*As with the last coverage PR, don't worry: most of the changes are
"expect" files for tests. On top of that, many files have only changed
by the order in which the statements are recorded, but this order
doesn't matter.*

Small changes which, together, make the instrumentation more robust and
fix many bugs:
1. Address comments in #15739 by introducing a type `InstrumentedParts`.
The initial problem was that `TypeApply` cannot be instrumented in a
straightforward way: `expr[T]` cannot be turned into `{invoked(...);
expr}[T]` but must be `{invoked(...); expr[T]}`. To do this, we first
try to instrument `expr` and then, if it was successfully instrumented,
we move the call to `invoked(...)` to the right place. This gives us the
following code in `transform`:
```scala
case TypeApply(fun, args) =>
  val InstrumentedParts(pre, coverageCall, expr) = tryInstrument(fun) // may generate a call to invoked(...), but it's not part of the resulting tree yet
  if coverageCall.isEmpty then
    tree
  else
    Block(
      pre :+ coverageCall, // put the call at the right place (pre contains lifted definitions, if any)
      cpy.TypeApply(tree)(expr, args)
  )
```
2. Exclude more trees from instrumentation, like `Erased` trees and
calls to the parents' constructor in `Template#parents`.
3. Escape special characters in `Serializer`.
4. Reposition `Inlined` trees to the current source in order to avoid
referencing an unreachable compilation unit. This might be the most
controversial change because I've called `Inlines.dropInlined` 👀.
Any suggestion is welcome!

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/coverage/Coverage.scala

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ class Coverage:
 
 /** A statement that can be invoked, and thus counted as "covered" by code coverage tools. */
 case class Statement(
-    source: String,
     location: Location,
     id: Int,
     start: Int,

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/coverage/Location.scala

@@ -5,32 +5,35 @@ import ast.tpd._
 import dotty.tools.dotc.core.Contexts.Context
 import dotty.tools.dotc.core.Flags.*
 import java.nio.file.Path
+import dotty.tools.dotc.util.SourceFile
 
 /** Information about the location of a coverable piece of code.
   *
   * @param packageName    name of the enclosing package
   * @param className      name of the closest enclosing class
   * @param fullClassName  fully qualified name of the closest enclosing class
   * @param classType      "type" of the closest enclosing class: Class, Trait or Object
-  * @param method name    of the closest enclosing method
+  * @param method         name of the closest enclosing method
   * @param sourcePath     absolute path of the source file
   */
 final case class Location(
     packageName: String,
     className: String,
     fullClassName: String,
     classType: String,
-    method: String,
+    methodName: String,
     sourcePath: Path
 )
 
 object Location:
   /** Extracts the location info of a Tree. */
-  def apply(tree: Tree)(using ctx: Context): Location =
+  def apply(tree: Tree, source: SourceFile)(using ctx: Context): Location =
 
-    val enclosingClass = ctx.owner.denot.enclosingClass
-    val packageName = ctx.owner.denot.enclosingPackageClass.name.toSimpleName.toString
+    val ownerDenot = ctx.owner.denot
+    val enclosingClass = ownerDenot.enclosingClass
+    val packageName = ownerDenot.enclosingPackageClass.fullName.toSimpleName.toString
     val className = enclosingClass.name.toSimpleName.toString
+    val methodName = ownerDenot.enclosingMethod.name.toSimpleName.toString
 
     val classType: String =
       if enclosingClass.is(Trait) then "Trait"
@@ -42,6 +45,6 @@ object Location:
       className,
       s"$packageName.$className",
       classType,
-      ctx.owner.denot.enclosingMethod.name.toSimpleName.toString(),
-      ctx.source.file.absolute.jpath
+      methodName,
+      source.file.absolute.jpath
     )

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/coverage/Serializer.scala

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package coverage
 import java.nio.file.{Path, Paths, Files}
 import java.io.Writer
 import scala.language.unsafeNulls
+import scala.collection.mutable.StringBuilder
 
 /**
  * Serializes scoverage data.
@@ -62,25 +63,49 @@ object Serializer:
     def writeStatement(stmt: Statement, writer: Writer): Unit =
       // Note: we write 0 for the count because we have not measured the actual coverage at this point
       writer.write(s"""${stmt.id}
-                      |${getRelativePath(stmt.location.sourcePath)}
-                      |${stmt.location.packageName}
-                      |${stmt.location.className}
+                      |${getRelativePath(stmt.location.sourcePath).escaped}
+                      |${stmt.location.packageName.escaped}
+                      |${stmt.location.className.escaped}
                       |${stmt.location.classType}
-                      |${stmt.location.fullClassName}
-                      |${stmt.location.method}
+                      |${stmt.location.fullClassName.escaped}
+                      |${stmt.location.methodName.escaped}
                       |${stmt.start}
                       |${stmt.end}
                       |${stmt.line}
-                      |${stmt.symbolName}
+                      |${stmt.symbolName.escaped}
                       |${stmt.treeName}
                       |${stmt.branch}
                       |0
                       |${stmt.ignored}
-                      |${stmt.desc}
+                      |${stmt.desc.escaped}
                       |\f
                       |""".stripMargin)
 
     writeHeader(writer)
     coverage.statements.toSeq
       .sortBy(_.id)
       .foreach(stmt => writeStatement(stmt, writer))
+
+  /** Makes a String suitable for output in the coverage statement data as a single line.
+   * Escaped characters: '\\' (backslash), '\n', '\r', '\f'
+   */
+  extension (str: String) def escaped: String =
+    val builder = StringBuilder(str.length)
+    var i = 0
+    while
+      i < str.length
+    do
+      str.charAt(i) match
+        case '\\' =>
+          builder ++= "\\\\"
+        case '\n' =>
+          builder ++= "\\n"
+        case '\r' =>
+          builder ++= "\\r"
+        case '\f' =>
+          builder ++= "\\f"
+        case c =>
+          builder += c
+      i += 1
+    end while
+    builder.result()