Tin/better union hooks (#499)

* Improve union structure hook handling

* Improve typeddict coverage

* Skip test on 3.9 and 3.10

src/cattrs/converters.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
     IterableValidationNote,
     StructureHandlerNotFoundError,
 )
-from .fns import identity, raise_error
+from .fns import Predicate, identity, raise_error
 from .gen import (
     AttributeOverride,
     DictStructureFn,
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._prefer_attrib_converters = prefer_attrib_converters
 
         self.detailed_validation = detailed_validation
+        self._union_struct_registry: dict[Any, Callable[[Any, type[T]], T]] = {}
 
         # Create a per-instance cache.
         if unstruct_strat is UnstructureStrategy.AS_DICT:
@@ -246,7 +247,8 @@ def __init__(
                 (is_supported_union, self._gen_attrs_union_structure, True),
                 (
                     lambda t: is_union_type(t) and t in self._union_struct_registry,
-                    self._structure_union,
+                    self._union_struct_registry.__getitem__,
+                    True,
                 ),
                 (is_optional, self._structure_optional),
                 (has, self._structure_attrs),
@@ -266,9 +268,6 @@ def __init__(
 
         self._dict_factory = dict_factory
 
-        # Unions are instances now, not classes. We use different registries.
-        self._union_struct_registry: dict[Any, Callable[[Any, type[T]], T]] = {}
-
         self._unstruct_copy_skip = self._unstructure_func.get_num_fns()
         self._struct_copy_skip = self._structure_func.get_num_fns()
 
@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ def register_unstructure_hook(
         return None
 
     def register_unstructure_hook_func(
-        self, check_func: Callable[[Any], bool], func: UnstructureHook
+        self, check_func: Predicate, func: UnstructureHook
     ) -> None:
         """Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using
         a function to check if it's a match.
@@ -339,25 +338,25 @@ def register_unstructure_hook_func(
 
     @overload
     def register_unstructure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool]
+        self, predicate: Predicate
     ) -> Callable[[UnstructureHookFactory], UnstructureHookFactory]:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_unstructure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool]
+        self, predicate: Predicate
     ) -> Callable[[ExtendedUnstructureHookFactory], ExtendedUnstructureHookFactory]:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_unstructure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool], factory: UnstructureHookFactory
+        self, predicate: Predicate, factory: UnstructureHookFactory
     ) -> UnstructureHookFactory:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_unstructure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool], factory: ExtendedUnstructureHookFactory
+        self, predicate: Predicate, factory: ExtendedUnstructureHookFactory
     ) -> ExtendedUnstructureHookFactory:
         ...
 
@@ -473,7 +472,7 @@ def register_structure_hook(
             self._structure_func.register_cls_list([(cl, func)])
 
     def register_structure_hook_func(
-        self, check_func: Callable[[type[T]], bool], func: StructureHook
+        self, check_func: Predicate, func: StructureHook
     ) -> None:
         """Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using
         a function to check if it's a match.
@@ -482,25 +481,25 @@ def register_structure_hook_func(
 
     @overload
     def register_structure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any, bool]]
+        self, predicate: Predicate
     ) -> Callable[[StructureHookFactory, StructureHookFactory]]:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_structure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any, bool]]
+        self, predicate: Predicate
     ) -> Callable[[ExtendedStructureHookFactory, ExtendedStructureHookFactory]]:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_structure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool], factory: StructureHookFactory
+        self, predicate: Predicate, factory: StructureHookFactory
     ) -> StructureHookFactory:
         ...
 
     @overload
     def register_structure_hook_factory(
-        self, predicate: Callable[[Any], bool], factory: ExtendedStructureHookFactory
+        self, predicate: Predicate, factory: ExtendedStructureHookFactory
     ) -> ExtendedStructureHookFactory:
         ...
 
@@ -903,11 +902,6 @@ def _structure_optional(self, obj, union):
         # We can't actually have a Union of a Union, so this is safe.
         return self._structure_func.dispatch(other)(obj, other)
 
-    def _structure_union(self, obj, union):
-        """Deal with structuring a union."""
-        handler = self._union_struct_registry[union]
-        return handler(obj, union)
-
     def _structure_tuple(self, obj: Any, tup: type[T]) -> T:
         """Deal with structuring into a tuple."""
         tup_params = None if tup in (Tuple, tuple) else tup.__args__

src/cattrs/dispatch.py

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@
 from attrs import Factory, define
 
 from ._compat import TypeAlias
+from .fns import Predicate
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .converters import BaseConverter
 
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
 TargetType: TypeAlias = Any
 UnstructuredValue: TypeAlias = Any
 StructuredValue: TypeAlias = Any
@@ -46,12 +45,12 @@ class FunctionDispatch:
 
     _converter: BaseConverter
     _handler_pairs: list[
-        tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], Callable[[Any, Any], Any], bool, bool]
+        tuple[Predicate, Callable[[Any, Any], Any], bool, bool]
     ] = Factory(list)
 
     def register(
         self,
-        predicate: Callable[[Any], bool],
+        predicate: Predicate,
         func: Callable[..., Any],
         is_generator=False,
         takes_converter=False,
@@ -148,13 +147,9 @@ def register_cls_list(self, cls_and_handler, direct: bool = False) -> None:
     def register_func_list(
         self,
         pred_and_handler: list[
-            tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], Any]
-            | tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], Any, bool]
-            | tuple[
-                Callable[[Any], bool],
-                Callable[[Any, BaseConverter], Any],
-                Literal["extended"],
-            ]
+            tuple[Predicate, Any]
+            | tuple[Predicate, Any, bool]
+            | tuple[Predicate, Callable[[Any, BaseConverter], Any], Literal["extended"]]
         ],
     ):
         """

src/cattrs/fns.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 """Useful internal functions."""
-from typing import NoReturn, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Callable, NoReturn, Type, TypeVar
 
+from ._compat import TypeAlias
 from .errors import StructureHandlerNotFoundError
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
+Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any], bool]
+"""A predicate function determines if a type can be handled."""
+
 
 def identity(obj: T) -> T:
     """The identity function."""

src/cattrs/gen/typeddicts.py

@@ -565,11 +565,9 @@ def _required_keys(cls: type) -> set[str]:
         # gathering required keys. *sigh*
         own_annotations = cls.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {})
         required_keys = set()
-        for base in cls.__mro__[1:]:
-            if base in (object, dict):
-                # These have no required keys for sure.
-                continue
-            required_keys |= _required_keys(base)
+        # On 3.8 - 3.10, typing.TypedDict doesn't put typeddict superclasses
+        # in the MRO, therefore we cannot handle non-required keys properly
+        # in some situations. Oh well.
         for key in getattr(cls, "__required_keys__", []):
             annotation_type = own_annotations[key]
             annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
@@ -597,13 +595,7 @@ def _required_keys(cls: type) -> set[str]:
 
         own_annotations = cls.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {})
         required_keys = set()
-        superclass_keys = set()
-        for base in cls.__mro__[1:]:
-            required_keys |= _required_keys(base)
-            superclass_keys |= base.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {}).keys()
         for key in own_annotations:
-            if key in superclass_keys:
-                continue
             annotation_type = own_annotations[key]
 
             if is_annotated(annotation_type):

tests/_compat.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import sys
 
 is_py38 = sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 8)
+is_py39 = sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 9)
 is_py39_plus = sys.version_info >= (3, 9)
+is_py310 = sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 10)
 is_py310_plus = sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
 is_py311_plus = sys.version_info >= (3, 11)
 is_py312_plus = sys.version_info >= (3, 12)

tests/test_typeddicts.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from hypothesis import assume, given
 from hypothesis.strategies import booleans
 from pytest import raises
-from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Required
 
 from cattrs import BaseConverter, Converter
 from cattrs._compat import ExtensionsTypedDict, get_notrequired_base, is_generic
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     make_dict_unstructure_fn,
 )
 
-from ._compat import is_py38, is_py311_plus
+from ._compat import is_py38, is_py39, is_py310, is_py311_plus
 from .typeddicts import (
     generic_typeddicts,
     simple_typeddicts,
@@ -263,6 +263,28 @@ def test_required(
     assert restructured == instance
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(is_py39 or is_py310, reason="Sigh")
+def test_required_keys() -> None:
+    """We don't support the full gamut of functionality on 3.8.
+
+    When using `typing.TypedDict` we have only partial functionality;
+    this test tests only a subset of this.
+    """
+    c = mk_converter()
+
+    class Base(TypedDict, total=False):
+        a: Required[datetime]
+
+    class Sub(Base):
+        b: int
+
+    fn = make_dict_unstructure_fn(Sub, c)
+
+    with raises(KeyError):
+        # This needs to raise since 'a' is missing, and it's Required.
+        fn({"b": 1})
+
+
 @given(simple_typeddicts(min_attrs=1, total=True), booleans())
 def test_omit(cls_and_instance: Tuple[type, Dict], detailed_validation: bool) -> None:
     """`override(omit=True)` works."""

tests/typeddicts.py

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def simple_typeddicts(
     note(
         "\n".join(
             [
-                "class HypTypedDict(TypedDict):",
+                f"class HypTypedDict(TypedDict{'' if total else ', total=False'}):",
                 *[f"    {n}: {a}" for n, a in attrs_dict.items()],
             ]
         )