chore!: update typescript to version 5.6.3

[david-luna]

Closes: #4870

Checklist:

• Update typescript to 5.6.3
• Document our new minimum typescript version
  • Document a policy for updating typescript in minor versions in the future
• Add a test project to ensure that minimum typescript version can compile using the updated otel dependencies

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 93.15%. Comparing base (4a394cc) to head (703f0ab).
Report is 2 commits behind head on next.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             next    #5145      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.15%   93.15%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         315      315              
  Lines        8113     8111       -2     
  Branches     1633     1632       -1     
==========================================
- Hits         7558     7556       -2     
  Misses        555      555              

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...es/opentelemetry-instrumentation-grpc/src/utils.ts	84.61% <ø> (ø)

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

---- 🚨 Try these New Features:

• Flaky Tests Detection - Detect and resolve failed and flaky tests
• JS Bundle Analysis - Avoid shipping oversized bundles

[david-luna]

I starting to think that maybe we need a next branch in the contrib repository so we can sync this type of changes 🤔

[david-luna]

• Add a test project to ensure that minimum typescript version can compile using the updated otel dependencies

@pichlermarc @dyladan
I see a project name esm-http-ts within examples folder. Could that be our testing project? or it's preferable to have something more complex within integration-tests maybe?

[david-luna]

note for reviewer: TypeScript 5.0+ removes support for Node.js <=12.0

[david-luna]

note for reviewer: extracted from https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js-contrib/pull/2481/files#r1807185358. Type checking is done in compilation process so it's okay to skip here.

[david-luna]

note for reviewer: any other items we can add to this list?