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Cheat sheet #17

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Dec 22, 2015
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Cheat sheet #17

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ebb0f4b
Create Cheat.md
eduard93 Dec 22, 2015
6de5ef1
Rename Cheat.md to CHEAT.md
eduard93 Dec 22, 2015
2033876
Reference to cheat sheet from readme
eduard93 Dec 22, 2015
7e42b52
Add $$$TOE macro
eduard93 Dec 22, 2015
666dd0c
A lot of formatting changes
tsafin Dec 22, 2015
de4bbbb
ZWrite > Zwrite
tsafin Dec 22, 2015
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136 changes: 136 additions & 0 deletions CHEAT.md
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# Cheat sheet
Some most encountered COS expressions

## Object/SQL Basics

| Action | Code |
|----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Call a class method | `Do ##class(package.class).method(arguments)`<br>`Set variable = ##class(package.class).method(arguments)`<br>Note: place a . before each pass-by-reference argument |
| Call an instance method | `Do object.method(arguments)`<br>`Set variable = object.method(arguments)`<br>Note: place a . before each pass-by-reference argument |
| Create a new object | `Set object = ##class(package.class).%New()` |
| Open an existing object | `Set object = ##class(package.class).%OpenId(id, concurrency, .status)` |
| Save an object | `Set status = object.%Save()` |
| Retrieve the ID of a saved object | `Set id = object.%Id()` |
| Retrieve the OID of a saved object | `Set oid = object.%Oid()` |
| Validate an object without saving | `Set status = object.%ValidateObject()` |
| Validate a property without saving | `Set status = ##class(package.class).PropertyIsValid(object.Property)` |
| Print status after error | `Do $system.Status.DisplayError(status)`<br>`Zwrite status` (v2012.2+) |
| Obtain status details after error | `Do $system.Status.DecomposeStatus(status, .err)` |
| Remove an object from process memory | `Set object = ""` |
| Delete an existing object of a class | `Set status = ##class(package.class).%DeleteId(id)` |
| Delete all saved objects of a class | `Do ##class(package.class).%DeleteExtent()`<br>`Do ##class(package.class).%KillExtent()` |
| Reload properties of a saved object | `Do object.%Reload()` |
| Clone an object | `Set clonedObject = object.%ConstructClone()` |
| Write a property | `Write object.property` |
| Set a property | `Set object.property = value` |
| Set a serial (embedded) property | `Set object.property.embeddedProperty = value` |
| Link two objects | `Set object1.referenceProperty = object2` |
| Populate a class | `Do ##class(package.class).Populate(count, verbose)` |
| Remove all objects in process memory | `Kill` |
| List all objects in process memory | `Do $system.OBJ.ShowObjects()` |
| Display all properties of an object | `Do $system.OBJ.Dump(object)`<br>`Zwrite object` (v2012.2+) |
| Determine If variable is an object reference | `If $isobject(variable) ; 1=yes, 0=no` |
| Find classname of an object | `Write $classname(oref)` |
| Start the SQL shell | `Do $system.SQL.Shell()` |
| Test a class query | `Do ##class(%ResultSet).RunQuery(class, query)` |

## ObjectScript Commands

| Command | Description |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `Write` | Display text strings, value of variable or expression. |
| `Set` | Set value of variable. |
| `Do` | Execute method, procedure, or routine. |
| `Quit` or `Return` (v2013.1) | Terminate method, procedure, or routine. Optionally return value to calling method. |
| `Halt` | Stop Caché process and close Terminal. |
| `Kill` | Destroy variable(s). |
| `If {} ElseIf {} Else {}` | Evaluate conditions and branch. |
| `For {}`, `While {}`, `Do {} While` | Execute block of code repeatedly. |
| `Try {} Catch {}`, `Throw` | Handle errors. |

## ObjectScript Functions

| Action | Code |
|--------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Date conversion (external → internal) | `Set variable = $zdh("mm/dd/yyyy")` |
| Date conversion (internal → external) | `Set variable = $zd(internalDate, format)` |
| Time conversion (external → internal) | `Set variable = $zth("hh:mm:ss")` |
| Time conversion (internal → external) | `Set variable = $zt(internalTime, format)' |
| Display current internal date/time string | `Write $horolog` |
| Display UTC date/time string | `Write $ztimestamp` |
| Display length of a string | `Write $length(string)` |
| Build a list | `Set listString = $listbuild(list items, separated by comma)` |
| Retrieve an item from a list | `Set variable = $list(listString, position)` |
| Display the length of a list | `Write $listlength(listString)` |
| Display random integer from start to start+count | `Write $random(count) + start` |
| Check if variable exists | `Write $data(variable)` |
| Return value of variable, or "" If undefined | `Write $get(variable)` |

## Collections

| Action | Code |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Create a new standalone list<br>Work with a list property | `Set listObject=##class(%ListOfDataTypes).%New()`<br>Use methods below on a list collection property |
| Insert an element at the end of a list | `Do listObject.Insert(value)`<br>`Do object.listProperty.Insert(value)` |
| Insert an element into a list | `Do listObject.SetAt(value, position)`<br>`Do object.listProperty.SetAt(value, position)` |
| Remove an element from a list | `Do listObject.RemoveAt(position)`<br>`Do object.listProperty.RemoveAt(position)` |
| Display an element of a list | `Write listObject.GetAt(position)`<br>`Write object.listProperty.GetAt(position)` |
| Display the size of a list | `Write listObject.Count()`<br>`Write object.listProperty.Count()` |
| Clear all the elements of a list | `Do listObject.Clear()`<br>`Do object.listProperty.Clear()` |
| Create a new standalone array<br>Work with an array property | `Set arrayObject=##class(%ArrayOfDataTypes).%New()`<br>Use methods below on an array collection property |
| Insert an element into an array | `Do arrayObject.SetAt(value, key)`<br>`Do object.arrayProperty.SetAt(value, key)` |
| Remove an element from an array | `Do arrayObject.RemoveAt(key)`<br>`Do object.arrayProperty.RemoveAt(key)` |
| Display an element of an array | `Write arrayObject.GetAt(key)`<br>`Do object.arrayProperty.GetAt(key)` |
| Display the size of an array | `Write arrayObject.Count()`<br>`Do object.arrayProperty.Count()` |
| Clear all elements of an array | `Do arrayObject.Clear()`<br>`Do object.arrayProperty.Clear()` |

## Relationships

| Action | Code |
|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Parent-to-children object linking | `Do parentObject.childRefProperty.Insert(chilDobject)`<br>`Set chilDobject.parentRefProperty = parentObject` |
| One-to-many object linking | `Do oneObject.manyRefProperty.Insert(manyObject)`<br>`Set manyObject.OneRefProperty = OneObject` |
| Write a property of a child object | `Write parentObject.childRefProperty.GetAt(position).property` |
| Write a property of a many object | `Write oneObject.manyRefProperty.GetAt(position).property` |
| Display the count of child/many objects | `Write parentObject.childRefProperty.Count()`<br>`Write oneObject.manyRefProperty.Count()` |
| Open a many/child object directly | `Set object = ##class(package.class).IDKEYOpen(parentID, childsub)` |
| Retrieve the id of a child object | `Set status = ##class(package.class).IDKEYExists(parentID, childsub, .childID)` |
| Clear the child/many objects | `Do parentObject.childRefProperty.Clear()<br>Do oneObject.manyRefProperty.Clear()` |

## Streams

| Action | Code |
|-------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Create a new stream | `Set streamObject=##class(%Stream.GlobalCharacter).%New()`<br>`Set streamObject=##class(%Stream.GlobalBinary).%New()`<br>Use methods below on a stream property |
| Add text to a stream | `Do streamObject.Write(text)`<br>`Do object.streamProperty.Write(text)` |
| Add a line of text to a stream | `Do streamObject.WriteLine(text)`<br>`Do object.streamProperty.WriteLine(text)` |
| Read len characters of text from a stream | `Write streamObject.Read(len)`<br>`Write object.streamProperty.Read(len)` |
| Read a line of text from a stream | `Write streamObject.ReadLine(len)`<br>`Write object.streamProperty.ReadLine(len)` |
| Go to the beginning of a stream | `Do streamObject.Rewind()`<br>`Do object.streamProperty.Rewind()` |
| Go to the end of a stream, for appending | `Do streamObject.MoveToEnd()`<br>`Do object.streamProperty.MoveToEnd()` |
| Clear a stream | `Do streamObject.Clear()`<br>`Do object.streamProperty.Clear()` |
| Display the length of a stream | `Write streamObject.Size`<br>`Write object.streamProperty.Size` |

## Unit Testing Macros

| Action | Code |
|-----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| Assert equality | `Do $$$AssertEquals(value1, value2, message)` |
| Assert inequality | `Do $$$AssertNotEquals(value1, value2, message)` |
| Assert status is OK | `Do $$$AssertStatusOK(status, message)` |
| Assert status isn't OK | `Do $$$AssertStatusNotOK(status, message)` |
| Assert condition is true | `Do $$$AssertTrue(condition, message)` |
| Assert condition isn't true | `Do $$$AssertNotTrue(condition, message)` |
| Log message | `Do $$$LogMessage(message)` |

## Other Macros

| Action | Code |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Return a good status | `Quit $$$OK` |
| Return an error status | `Quit $$$ERROR($$$GeneralError, message)` |
| Throw exception on error | `$$$ThrowOnError(status, code)` or `$$$TOE(status, code)` |
| Check if status is good | `If $$$ISOK(status)` |
| Check if status is an error | `If $$$ISERR(status)` |
| Return a null object reference | `Quit $$$NULLOREF` |
| Place a new line within a string | `Write string1_$$$NL_string2` |
4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ If there is some style already established in the class or utility being modifie
to continue use that same style, than introducing yet another one, which may be more recommended
but which will be introducing some unnecessary inconsistency.

## Cheat sheet

For COS cheat sheet refer [here](CHEAT.md).

## Mandatory part

* Only "modern" syntax permitted, dotted syntax is not generally allowed (with few exceptions);
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