The DL_Track_US package provides an easy to use graphical user interface (GUI) for deep learning based analysis of muscle architectural parameters from longitudinal ultrasonography images of human lower limb muscles. Please take a look at our documentation for more information (note that aggressive ad-blockers might break the visualization of the repository description as well as the online documentation). This code is based on a previously published algorithm and replaces it. We have extended the functionalities of the previously proposed code. The previous code will not be updated and future updates will be included in this repository.
For detailled information about installaion of the DL_Track_US python package we refer you to our documentation. There you will finde guidelines not only for the installation procedure of DL_Track_US, but also concerding conda and GPU setup.
Once installed, DL_Track_US can be started from the command prompt with the respective environment activated:
(DL_Track_US) C:/User/Desktop/ python -m DL_Track_US
In case you have downloaded the executable, simply double-click the DL_Track_US icon.
Regardless of the used method, the GUI should open. For detailed the desciption of our GUI as well as usage examples, please take a look at the user instruction. An illustration of out GUI start window is presented below. It is here where users must specify input directories, choose the preferred analysis type, specify the analysis parameters or train thrain their own neural networks based on their own training data.
We have not yet integrated unit testing for DL_Track_US. Nonetheless, we have provided instructions to objectively test whether DL_Track_US, once installed, is functionable. To perform the testing procedures yourself, check out the test instructions.
In order to see the detailled scope and description of the modules and functions included in the DL_Track_US package, you can do so either directly in the code, or in the Documentation section of our online documentation.
The previously published algorithm was developed with the aim to compare the performance of the trained deep learning models with manual analysis of muscle fascicle length, muscle fascicle pennation angle and muscle thickness. The results were presented in a published preprint. The results demonstrated in the article described the DL_Track_US algorithm to be comparable with manual analysis of muscle fascicle length, muscle fascicle pennation angle and muscle thickness in ultrasonography images as well as videos. The results are briefly illustrated in the figures below.
Analysis process from original input image to output result for images of two muscles, gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL). Subsequent to inputting the original images into the models, predictions are generated by the models for the aponeuroses (apo) and fascicles as displayed in the binary images. Based on the binary image, the output result is calculated by post-processing operations, fascicles and aponeuroses are drawn and the values for fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness are displayed.
Bland-Altman plots of the results obtained with our approach versus the results of manual analyses by the authors (mean of all 3). Results are shown for muscle fascicle length (A), pennation angle (B), and muscle thickness (C). For these plots, only the median fascicle values from the deep learning approach were used, and thickness was computed from the centre of the image. Solid and dotted lines depict bias and 95% limits of agreement, respectively.
A comparison of fascicle lengths computed using DL_Track_US with those from UltraTrack(Farris & Lichtwark, 2016, DOI:10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.02.016), a semi-automated method of identifying muscle fascicles. Each row shows trials from a particular task (3 examples per task from different individuals, shown in separate columns). For DL_Track_US, the length of each individual fascicle detected in every frame is denoted by a gray dot. Solid black lines denote the mean length of all detected fascicles by DL_Track_US. Red dashed lines show the results of tracking a single fascicle with Ultratrack.
The DL_Track_US package can only be used for the automatic analysis of longitudinal muscle ultrasonography images containing muscle architectural parameters. However, in order to assess muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA), panoramic ultrasonography images in the transversal plane are required. We recently published DeepACSA, an open source algorithm for automatic analysis of muscle ACSA in panoramic ultrasonography images of the human vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius medialis. The repository containing the code and installation as well as usage instructions is locate here.
Wheter you want to contribute, report a bug or have troubles with the DL_Track_US package, take a look at the provided instructions how to best do so.