Change Docker image to 24.04 since 23.04 is out of support

[febrezo]

Description

When building using Docker an error is raised when installing Python dependencies:

1.041 Reading package lists...
1.054 E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-security Release' does not have a Release file.
1.054 E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar Release' does not have a Release file.
1.054 E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-updates Release' does not have a Release file.
1.054 E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-backports Release' does not have a Release file.
------
Dockerfile:14
--------------------
  13 |     
  14 | >>> RUN apt-get update && \
  15 | >>>     apt-get -y install python3 python3-pip python3-venv git curl golang-go
  16 |     
--------------------
ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/bash -c apt-get update &&     apt-get -y install python3 python3-pip python3-venv git curl golang-go" did not complete successfully: exit code: 100
****

This happens because 23.04 is no longer a stable version.

Type of change

Simple change in the Ubuntu version for the base Docker image:

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

How Has This Been Tested?

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes.

• Rebuilding and deploying Caldera using Docker with 24.04.

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works

[daw1012345]

Hey @febrezo, thanks for the PR. Just wanted to let you know that there is an approved PR (#3099) making this change, waiting to be merged.