[refactor] Move badger implementation to internal package

[mahadzaryab1]

Which problem is this PR solving?

• Towards Move All Storage Packages Under internal #6637

Description of the changes

• This PR moves the implementation for the badger storage from plugin/storage/ to internal/storage/

How was this change tested?

• CI

Checklist

• I have read https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING_GUIDELINES.md
• I have signed all commits
• I have added unit tests for the new functionality
• I have run lint and test steps successfully
  • for jaeger: make lint test
  • for jaeger-ui: npm run lint and npm run test

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.96%. Comparing base (4bd2e0c) to head (085cd7f).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #6645   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   95.96%   95.96%           
=======================================
  Files         365      365           
  Lines       20602    20602           
=======================================
  Hits        19770    19770           
  Misses        634      634           
  Partials      198      198           

Flag	Coverage Δ
badger_v1	9.92% <ø> (ø)
badger_v2	1.84% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v1-manual	14.93% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v2-auto	1.83% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v2-manual	1.83% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-5.x-v1-manual	14.93% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-5.x-v2-auto	1.83% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-5.x-v2-manual	1.83% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-6.x-v1	19.30% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-7.x-v1	19.38% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-8.x-v1	19.55% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-8.x-v2	1.84% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v1	10.90% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v2	7.89% <ø> (ø)
kafka-3.x-v1	10.21% <ø> (ø)
kafka-3.x-v2	1.84% <ø> (ø)
memory_v2	1.84% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-1.x-v1	19.43% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-2.x-v1	19.43% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-2.x-v2	1.84% <ø> (ø)
tailsampling-processor	0.48% <ø> (ø)
unittests	94.84% <ø> (ø)

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