feat(docs): Document the key derivation path for Project Catalyst ED2…

…5519 Keys (#1300)

* feat(docs): Document the key derivation path for Project Catalyst ED25519 keys

* fix(docs): Fix and reference historical dates for accuracy

docs/src/architecture/08_concepts/key-derivation/.pages

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+title: Key Derivation
+arrange:
+  - derivation.md

docs/src/architecture/08_concepts/key-derivation/derivation.md

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+---
+Title: Catalyst HD Key Derivation for Off Chain ED25519 Signature Keys
+Category: Catalyst
+Status: Proposed
+Authors:
+    - Steven Johnson <[email protected]>
+Implementors: 
+    - Catalyst Fund 14
+Discussions: []
+Created: 2024-11-29
+License: CC-BY-4.0
+---
+
+## Abstract
+
+Project Catalyst uses off chain keys, as a proxy for on-chain keys.
+These keys need to be derived similar to the keys controlled by a wallet.
+This document defines the Derivation path.
+
+## Motivation: why is this CIP necessary?
+
+A user will need a number of self generated and controlled signature keys.
+They will need to be able to recover them from a known seed phrase, and also to roll them over.
+
+This allows users to replace keys, and have them fully recoverable.
+Which they may have to do if:
+
+* Their keys are lost, and the account has to be recovered, or moved to a different device.
+* Their keys are compromised (or suspected to be compromised), and they have to be replaced.
+
+The keys are not controlled by a Blockchain wallet.
+They are agnostic of any blockchain.
+So, Project Catalyst must implement similar mechanisms as the wallets to safely derive keys for its use.
+
+## Specification
+
+For reference, see [CIP-1852].
+This document is a modified implementation of this specification.
+
+The basic structure of the Key Derivation path shall be:
+
+```text
+m / purpose' / type' / account' / role / index
+```
+
+In Cardano, both `purpose'` and `coin_type'` are notable years.
+This specification uses [historical dates] related to democracy and voting.
+This specification follows that convention but choose years more applicable to project Catalyst and its goals.
+This specification also renames `coin_type'` to just `type'`, to be more generalized.
+
+Changing the `purpose` and `type` values ensures that any keys derived for Project Catalyst will not
+be derivable or collide with keys derived for Cardano.
+
+* `purpose'` = `508` : Taken from year 508 BCE, the first known instance of democracy in human history.
+    *"The Athenian Revolution,
+    a revolt that overthrew the aristocratic oligarchy and established a participatory democracy in Athens"*.
+* `type'` = `139` : Taken from the year 139 BCE, the first known instance of secret voting.
+    *"A secret ballot is instituted for Roman citizens, who mark their vote on a tablet and place it in an urn."*
+* `account'` = `0` : Reserved for future use cases.
+    Always to be set to `0`.
+* `role` = `0`-`n` : The role in the derivation maps 1:1 with the role number in the RBAC registration the key will be used for.
+* `index` = `0`-`n` : The sequentially derived key in a sequence, starting at 0.
+    Each new key for the same role just increments `index`.
+
+## Reference Implementation
+
+The first implementation will be Catalyst Voices.
+
+*TODO: Generate a set of test vectors which conform to this specification.*
+
+## Rationale: how does this CIP achieve its goals?
+
+By leveraging known working Key Derivation techniques and simply modifying the path we inherit the properties of those methods.
+
+## Path to Active
+
+### Acceptance Criteria
+
+Working Implementation before Fund 14.
+
+### Implementation Plan
+
+Fund 14 project catalyst will deploy this scheme for Key derivation.>
+
+## Copyright
+
+This document is licensed under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).
+
+[CIP-1852]: https://cips.cardano.org/cip/CIP-1852
+[historical dates]: https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191737152.timeline.0001