chore: Set up linting

[kesara]

Fixes #379

This is a new PR based on @mgax's #406.
New PR was created because main branch has drifted and I couldn't update original PR.

• Set up black and ruff.
• Set up pre-commit.
• Run pre-commit in the CI to enforce lint rules.
• Fix existing linter errors (will need to be redone on rebase).

[rjsparks]

Still some conflicts to resolve.

I guess we decided that applying black to the whole codebase here was the right thing to do (it doesn't hide enough history to matter)?

I expect to approve this when the conflicts are resolved

[mgax]

it doesn't hide enough history to matter

It's possible to configure Git (and GitHub) to skip over certain commits in the "blame" view: https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/working-with-files/using-files/viewing-and-understanding-files#ignore-commits-in-the-blame-view. That page has a nice example of how a .git-blame-ignore-revs file might be structured.

[kesara]

@rjsparks I have rebased with main and recompiled dev dependencies. This should resolve any outstanding conflicts.