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58 changes: 25 additions & 33 deletions README.md
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# Kubernetes The Hard Way

This tutorial will walk you through setting up Kubernetes the hard way. This guide is not for people looking for a fully automated command to bring up a Kubernetes cluster. If that's you then check out [Google Container Engine](https://cloud.google.com/container-engine), or the [Getting Started Guides](http://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/).
This tutorial walks you through setting up Kubernetes the hard way. This guide is not for people looking for a fully automated command to bring up a Kubernetes cluster. If that's you then check out [Google Container Engine](https://cloud.google.com/container-engine), or the [Getting Started Guides](http://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/).

This tutorial is optimized for learning, which means taking the long route to help people understand each task required to bootstrap a Kubernetes cluster. This tutorial requires access to [Google Compute Engine](https://cloud.google.com/compute).
Kubernetes The Hard Way is optimized for learning, which means taking the long route to ensure you understand each task required to bootstrap a Kubernetes cluster.

> The results of this tutorial should not be viewed as production ready, and may receive limited support from the community, but don't let that prevent you from learning!
> The results of this tutorial should not be viewed as production ready, and may receive limited support from the community, but don't let that stop you from learning!
## Target Audience

The target audience for this tutorial is someone planning to support a production Kubernetes cluster and wants to understand how everything fits together. After completing this tutorial I encourage you to automate away the manual steps presented in this guide.
The target audience for this tutorial is someone planning to support a production Kubernetes cluster and wants to understand how everything fits together.

## Cluster Details

* Kubernetes 1.7.0
* Docker 1.12.6
* etcd 3.1.4
* [CNI Based Networking](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni)
* Secure communication between all components (etcd, control plane, workers)
* Default Service Account and Secrets
* [RBAC authorization enabled](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization)
* [TLS client certificate bootstrapping for kubelets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping)
* DNS add-on
Kubernetes The Hard Way guides you through bootstrapping a highly available Kubernetes cluster with end-to-end encryption between components and RBAC authentication.

### What's Missing

The resulting cluster will be missing the following features:

* Cloud Provider Integration
* [Logging](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/)
* [Cluster add-ons](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
* [Kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) 1.7.4
* [CRI-O Container Runtime](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/cri-o) v1.0.0-beta.0
* [CNI Container Networking](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) v0.6.0
* [etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) 3.2.6

## Labs

This tutorial assumes you have access to [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com) and the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/)(148.0.0+). While GCP is used for basic infrastructure needs the things learned in this tutorial can be applied to every platform.

* [Cloud Infrastructure Provisioning](docs/01-infrastructure-gcp.md)
* [Setting up a CA and TLS Cert Generation](docs/02-certificate-authority.md)
* [Setting up TLS Client Bootstrap and RBAC Authentication](docs/03-auth-configs.md)
* [Bootstrapping a H/A etcd cluster](docs/04-etcd.md)
* [Bootstrapping a H/A Kubernetes Control Plane](docs/05-kubernetes-controller.md)
* [Bootstrapping Kubernetes Workers](docs/06-kubernetes-worker.md)
* [Configuring the Kubernetes Client - Remote Access](docs/07-kubectl.md)
* [Managing the Container Network Routes](docs/08-network.md)
* [Deploying the Cluster DNS Add-on](docs/09-dns-addon.md)
* [Smoke Test](docs/10-smoke-test.md)
* [Cleaning Up](docs/11-cleanup.md)
This tutorial assumes you have access to the [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com). While GCP is used for basic infrastructure requirements the lessons learned in this tutorial can be applied to other platforms.

* [Prerequisites](docs/01-prerequisites.md)
* [Installing the Client Tools](docs/02-client-tools.md)
* [Provisioning Compute Resources](docs/03-compute-resources.md)
* [Provisioning the CA and Generating TLS Certificates](docs/04-certificate-authority.md)
* [Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication](docs/05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md)
* [Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key](docs/06-data-encryption-keys.md)
* [Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster](docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md)
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes](docs/09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md)
* [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](docs/10-configuring-kubectl.md)
* [Provisioning Pod Network Routes](docs/11-pod-network-routes.md)
* [Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on](docs/12-dns-addon.md)
* [Smoke Test](docs/13-smoke-test.md)
* [Cleaning Up](docs/14-cleanup.md)
192 changes: 192 additions & 0 deletions deployments/kube-dns.yaml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "KubeDNS"
spec:
clusterIP: 10.32.0.10
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
targetPort: 53
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 53
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 10%
maxUnavailable: 0
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ""
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
containers:
- name: kubedns
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.4
env:
- name: PROMETHEUS_PORT
value: "10055"
args:
- --domain=cluster.local.
- --dns-port=10053
- --config-dir=/kube-dns-config
- --v=2
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /healthcheck/kubedns
port: 10054
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
ports:
- name: dns-local
containerPort: 10053
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp-local
containerPort: 10053
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
containerPort: 10055
protocol: TCP
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /readiness
port: 8081
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 3
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: kube-dns-config
mountPath: /kube-dns-config
- name: dnsmasq
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.4
args:
- -v=2
- -logtostderr
- -configDir=/etc/k8s/dns/dnsmasq-nanny
- -restartDnsmasq=true
- --
- -k
- --cache-size=1000
- --log-facility=-
- --server=/cluster.local/127.0.0.1#10053
- --server=/in-addr.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053
- --server=/ip6.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /healthcheck/dnsmasq
port: 10054
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
ports:
- name: dns
containerPort: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
containerPort: 53
protocol: TCP
resources:
requests:
cpu: 150m
memory: 20Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: kube-dns-config
mountPath: /etc/k8s/dns/dnsmasq-nanny
- name: sidecar
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.4
args:
- --v=2
- --logtostderr
- --probe=kubedns,127.0.0.1:10053,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,5,A
- --probe=dnsmasq,127.0.0.1:53,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,5,A
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /metrics
port: 10054
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
ports:
- name: metrics
containerPort: 10054
protocol: TCP
resources:
requests:
cpu: 10m
memory: 20Mi
dnsPolicy: Default
restartPolicy: Always
serviceAccount: kube-dns
serviceAccountName: kube-dns
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
tolerations:
- key: CriticalAddonsOnly
operator: Exists
volumes:
- name: kube-dns-config
configMap:
defaultMode: 420
name: kube-dns
optional: true
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