Switch from `ubuntu-latest` to `ubuntu-22.04` in CI, update some dependencies #3772

Job	Run time
C++ Test Coverage (gets coverage of main branch, currently not main branch because no C++ on main)	22m 39s
format	10s
Mypy Type Checks	2m 15s
Build + Test (C++) (Release, gcc, g++, 12)	24m 35s
Build + Test (C++) (Release, gcc, g++, 14)	24m 20s
Build + Test (C++) (Release, clang, clang++, 14)	24m 38s
Pre-commit Checks	29s
pylint	2m 36s
tidy	23m 30s
Build + Test (C++) (Release, clang, clang++, 17, true)	35m 26s
Build + Test (C++) (Debug, gcc, g++, 12)	25m 45s
unittests	9m 35s
Build + Test (C++) (Debug, gcc, g++, 14)	26m 38s
Build + Test (C++) (Debug, clang, clang++, 14)	23m 17s
Build + Test (C++) (Debug, clang, clang++, 17, true)	32m 45s
Build + Test (C++) (clang, clang++, 14, Tsan)	26m 35s
Build + Test (C++) (clang, clang++, 14, Asan)	6m 34s
integrationtests-debug	0s
dockerized-unittests	0s
integrationtests-asan	0s
Comment Coverage Results	0s
integrationtests-release	0s
integrationtests-tsan	0s
	5h 11m 47s

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