WIP: [python] Introduce packages option

[alexander-smolyakov]

General info

Feature name:

• ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python

Attached related issue:

• [Notice] Removing "torch" package from the "universal" image images#856

Description:

This PR introduces a new option - packages. The new option receives a comma-spread string as input. The input contains packages that should be installed during the feature installation process.

User experience

The user can specify a package version that would be installed. Usage examples:

Example 1:

{
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {
            "version": "3.10.12",
            "packages": "torch,request,aiohttp"
        },
}

Note: In this example, the feature installs the latest versions available in PIP.

Example 2:

{
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {
            "version": "3.10.12",
            "packages": "cryptography==41.0.4,urllib3==1.26.18"
        },
}

Note: In this case, the feature install versions were explicitly pointed out in the devcontainer.json.

Installation process

The feature already contains the install_user_package function. Considering new functionality, the function should be updated, and the installation process should be split into two steps:

1. Uninstall the older package version if it was installed or shipped with Python;
2. Install the new package version;

The installation folder will be resolved based on the user under which the feature is installed:

• root: packages will be installed in Python's site-packages folder;
• non-root users: packages will be installed in the user's site-packages folder;

Changelog

• Added info about packages and additionalVersions inputs;

• Introduced the packages option:

  • Added logic to handle packages input;
  • Implemented the install_python_package function to replace the install_user_package function;
  • The sudo_if function moved to the utils.sh file;

• Added tests to cover new functionality;

Checklist:

• Checked that applied changes work as expected

[samruddhikhandale]

This looks amazing, thanks for adding the new Feature option. Left some minor comments.

[samruddhikhandale]

We intentionally did not publicize this option just because it was experimental. Also, it was meant only to be used by universal image.

However, if it works great in different test scenarios then it is worth publicizing 🎉