Add a configuration for an index cache ttl #10119

Job	Run time
build	3m 51s
lint	4m 30s
CodeQL	6m 52s
test	15m 34s
integration-configs-db	2m 21s
integration (requires_docker)	6m 38s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	4m 2s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	10m 27s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 26s
integration (integration_querier)	15m 10s
integration (integration_ruler)	5m 0s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	2m 40s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 24m 31s

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