ci, gha: Add Windows jobs based on Linux image #61

Job	Run time
x64 (MSVC): C++ (public headers)	47s
Build Docker image	8s
SageMath prover	1m 17s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int64, yes, yes, yes, yes)	4m 14s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int64, yes, yes, yes, yes, gcc)	6m 33s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int128_struct, 2, 4)	3m 53s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int128, yes, yes, yes)	4m 55s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int128, yes, yes)	2m 42s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int128, yes, yes, yes, yes, gcc)	4m 25s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (int128, yes, yes, yes, yes, -DVERIFY)	4m 10s
x86_64: macOS Ventura (distcheck)	5m 7s
x64 (MSVC): Windows (VS 2022, shared)	7m 8s
x64 (MSVC): Windows (VS 2022, static)	8m 18s
x64 (MSVC): Windows (VS 2022, int128_struct)	7m 58s
x64 (MSVC): Windows (VS 2022, int128_struct with __(u)mulh)	9m 33s
x86 (MSVC): Windows (VS 2022)	7m 36s
x86_64 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	10m 3s
i686 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	11m 31s
	1h 40m 18s

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