ci, gha: Add Windows jobs based on Linux image #18

Job	Run time
Build MinGW/MSVC Debian image	17s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (shared)	6m 38s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (static)	6m 48s
C++ (public headers)	5m 0s
x86_64 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	5m 16s
i686 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	7m 12s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	8m 52s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct)	7m 21s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct with __(u)mulh)	11m 45s
i686 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	14m 59s
	1h 14m 8s

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