ci, gha: Add Windows jobs based on Linux image #16

Job	Run time
Build MinGW/MSVC Debian image	11s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (shared)	7m 58s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (static)	3m 59s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	9m 35s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct)	7m 17s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct with __(u)mulh)	10m 18s
i686 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	11m 43s
x86_64 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	5m 26s
i686 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	6m 40s
C++ (public headers)	3m 10s
	1h 6m 17s

Provide feedback