ci, gha: Add Windows jobs based on Linux image #11

Job	Run time
Build MinGW/MSVC Debian image	14s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (shared)	5m 49s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (static)	6m 14s
C++ (public headers)	4m 20s
x86_64 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	8m 8s
i686 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	7m 46s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	9m 47s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct)	10m 3s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct with __(u)mulh)	11m 16s
i686 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	12m 43s
	1h 16m 20s

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