ci, gha: Add Windows jobs based on Linux image #9

Job	Run time
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (shared)	7m 0s
x86_64: Windows, VS 2022 (static)	7m 47s
Build MinGW/MSVC Debian image	13s
C++ (public headers)	2m 56s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	9m 35s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct)	7m 48s
x86_64 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine, int128_struct with __(u)mulh)	7m 41s
i686 (MSVC): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	10m 57s
x86_64 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	6m 16s
i686 (mingw32-w64): Windows (Debian stable, Wine)	8m 24s
	1h 8m 37s

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