Reject CREATE TABLE/VIEW with duplicate column names

DFSchema checks column for uniqueness, but allows duplicate column names
when they are qualified differently. This is because DFSchema plays
central role during query planning as a identifier resolution scope.

Those checks in their current form should not be there, since they
prevent execution of queries with duplicate column aliases, which is
legal in SQL. But even with these checks present, they are not
sufficient to ensure CREATE TABLE/VIEW is well structured. Table or
view columns need to have unique names and there is no qualification
involved.

This commit adds necessary checks in CREATE TABLE/VIEW DDL structs,
ensuring that CREATE TABLE/VIEW logical plans are valid in that regard.

datafusion/common/src/error.rs

@@ -149,6 +149,11 @@ pub enum SchemaError {
     DuplicateQualifiedField {
         qualifier: Box<TableReference>,
         name: String,
+    },
+     /// Schema duplicate qualified fields with duplicate unqualified names
+    QualifiedFieldWithDuplicateName {
+        qualifier: Box<TableReference>,
+        name: String,
     },
     /// Schema contains duplicate unqualified field name
     DuplicateUnqualifiedField { name: String },
@@ -188,6 +193,14 @@ impl Display for SchemaError {
                     quote_identifier(name)
                 )
             }
+            Self::QualifiedFieldWithDuplicateName { qualifier, name } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "Schema contains qualified fields with duplicate unqualified names {}.{}",
+                    qualifier.to_quoted_string(),
+                    quote_identifier(name)
+                )
+            }
             Self::DuplicateUnqualifiedField { name } => {
                 write!(
                     f,

datafusion/expr/src/logical_plan/ddl.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 use crate::{Expr, LogicalPlan, SortExpr, Volatility};
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{
     fmt::{self, Display},
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ use crate::expr::Sort;
 use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
 use datafusion_common::tree_node::{Transformed, TreeNodeContainer, TreeNodeRecursion};
 use datafusion_common::{
-    Constraints, DFSchemaRef, Result, SchemaReference, TableReference,
+    schema_err, Column, Constraints, DFSchema, DFSchemaRef, DataFusionError, Result,
+    SchemaError, SchemaReference, TableReference,
 };
 use sqlparser::ast::Ident;
 
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@ impl CreateExternalTable {
             constraints,
             column_defaults,
         } = fields;
+        check_fields_unique(&schema)?;
         Ok(Self {
             name,
             schema,
@@ -544,6 +546,7 @@ impl CreateMemoryTable {
             column_defaults,
             temporary,
         } = fields;
+        check_fields_unique(input.schema())?;
         Ok(Self {
             name,
             constraints,
@@ -698,6 +701,7 @@ impl CreateView {
             definition,
             temporary,
         } = fields;
+        check_fields_unique(input.schema())?;
         Ok(Self {
             name,
             input,
@@ -800,6 +804,48 @@ impl CreateViewBuilder {
         })
     }
 }
+fn check_fields_unique(schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<()> {
+    // Use tree set for deterministic error messages
+    let mut qualified_names = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut unqualified_names = HashSet::new();
+    let mut name_occurrences: HashMap<&String, usize> = HashMap::new();
+
+    for (qualifier, field) in schema.iter() {
+        if let Some(qualifier) = qualifier {
+            // Check for duplicate qualified field names
+            if !qualified_names.insert((qualifier, field.name())) {
+                return schema_err!(SchemaError::DuplicateQualifiedField {
+                    qualifier: Box::new(qualifier.clone()),
+                    name: field.name().to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+        // Check for duplicate unqualified field names
+        } else if !unqualified_names.insert(field.name()) {
+            return schema_err!(SchemaError::DuplicateUnqualifiedField {
+                name: field.name().to_string()
+            });
+        }
+        *name_occurrences.entry(field.name()).or_default() += 1;
+    }
+
+    for (qualifier, name) in qualified_names {
+        // Check for duplicate between qualified and unqualified field names
+        if unqualified_names.contains(name) {
+            return schema_err!(SchemaError::AmbiguousReference {
+                field: Column::new(Some(qualifier.clone()), name)
+            });
+        }
+        // Check for duplicates between qualified names as the qualification will be stripped off
+        if name_occurrences[name] > 1 {
+            return schema_err!(SchemaError::QualifiedFieldWithDuplicateName {
+                qualifier: Box::new(qualifier.clone()),
+                name: name.to_owned(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
 
 /// Creates a catalog (aka "Database").
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -1085,7 +1131,9 @@ impl PartialOrd for CreateIndex {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use super::*;
     use crate::{CreateCatalog, DdlStatement, DropView};
+    use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
     use datafusion_common::{DFSchema, DFSchemaRef, TableReference};
     use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
@@ -1112,4 +1160,85 @@ mod test {
 
         assert_eq!(drop_view.partial_cmp(&catalog), Some(Ordering::Greater));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_fields_unique() -> Result<()> {
+        // no duplicate fields, unqualified schema
+        check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::try_from(Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("c100", DataType::Boolean, true),
+            Field::new("c101", DataType::Boolean, true),
+        ]))?)?;
+
+        // no duplicate fields, qualified schema
+        check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::try_from_qualified_schema(
+            "t1",
+            &Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("c100", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                Field::new("c101", DataType::Boolean, true),
+            ]),
+        )?)?;
+
+        // duplicate unqualified field with same qualifier
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::try_from(Schema::new(vec![
+                Field::new("c0", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                Field::new("c2", DataType::Boolean, true),
+            ]))?)
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .strip_backtrace()
+            .to_string(),
+            "Schema error: Schema contains duplicate unqualified field name c1"
+        );
+
+        // duplicate qualified field with same qualifier
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::try_from_qualified_schema(
+                "t1",
+                &Schema::new(vec![
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                ]),
+            )?)
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .strip_backtrace()
+            .to_string(),
+            "Schema error: Schema contains duplicate qualified field name t1.c1"
+        );
+
+        // duplicate qualified and unqualified field
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::from_field_specific_qualified_schema(
+                vec![
+                    None,
+                    Some(TableReference::from("t1")),
+                ],
+                &Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                ]))
+            )?)
+                .unwrap_err().strip_backtrace().to_string(),
+            "Schema error: Schema contains qualified field name t1.c1 and unqualified field name c1 which would be ambiguous"
+        );
+
+        // qualified fields with duplicate unqualified names
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_fields_unique(&DFSchema::from_field_specific_qualified_schema(
+                vec![
+                    Some(TableReference::from("t1")),
+                    Some(TableReference::from("t2")),
+                ],
+                &Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                    Field::new("c1", DataType::Boolean, true),
+                ]))
+            )?)
+                .unwrap_err().strip_backtrace().to_string(),
+             "Schema error: Schema contains qualified fields with duplicate unqualified names t1.c1"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/create_table.slt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Issue https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/13487
+statement error DataFusion error: Schema error: Schema contains qualified fields with duplicate unqualified names l\.id
+CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS id, 'Foo' AS name) l JOIN (SELECT 1 AS id, 'Bar' as name) r ON l.id = r.id;