GH-44900: [Python] Automatically support fsspec filesystem URIs

[kszucs]

Rationale for this change

What changes are included in this PR?

If _resolve_filesystem_and_path() is unable to recognize the scheme used in the URI then try to load and use an fsspec implementation.

Are these changes tested?

Working on it.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Various user facing functions now support more filesystem implementations:

pyarrow.fs.copy_files()
ParquetFile()
ParquetDataset()
dt.dataset()

pq.read_metadata()
pq.write_metadata()
pq.read_table()
pq.read_schema()

orc.read_table()

• GitHub Issue: [Python] Automatically support fsspec filesystem URIs #44900

[pitrou]

As I wrote on the issue, perhaps we should support it explicit as fsspec+... URLs (such as fsspec+hf://...)?