If you plan to use a HMR theme via the lando proxy, you need to trust your Lando SSL certificates.
lando start
lando drush uli
ddev start
ddev drush uli
If you need to apply patches (depending on the project being modified, a pull request is often a better solution), you can do so with the composer-patches plugin.
To add a patch to drupal module foobar insert the patches section in the extra section of composer.json:
"extra": {
"patches": {
"drupal/foobar": {
"Patch description": "URL to patch"
}
}
}