Awesome Infrared Small Targets

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Keywords: Infrared small targets detection, infrared small targets segmentation.

Table of Contents

• Awesome Infrared Small Targets
  • Table of Contents
  • Background Suppression-Based Methods
  • Human Visual System-Based Methods
  • Optimization-Based Methods
    • Matrix: Single-Subspace
    • Matrix: Multi-Subspace
    • Tensor: Single-Frame
    • Tensor: Multi-Frame
  • Deep Learning-Based Methods
    • Single-Frame
    • Multi-Frame
  • Deep Unfolding-Based Methods
  • Datasets
    • Datasets: Single-Frame
    • Datasets: Multi-Frame
  • Recommended Benchmarks
  • Recommended Surveys
• Acknowledgement

Background Suppression-Based Methods

• Tophat, Morphology-based algorithm for point target detection in infrared backgrounds.

  • Tom V T, Peli T, Leung M, et al. Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1993.
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• MaxMedian, Max-mean and max-median filters for detection of small targets.

  • Deshpande S D, Er M H, Venkateswarlu R, et al. Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1999.
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• PFT, Spatio-temporal saliency detection using phase spectrum of Quaternion Fourier Transform.

  • Guo C, Ma Q, Zhang L. CVPR, 2008.
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• LACM-LSK, Robust infrared small target detection using local steering kernel reconstruction.

  • Li Y, Zhang Y. PR, 2018.
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• Infrared Small Target Detection by Density Peaks Searching and Maximum-Gray Region Growing.

  • Huang S, Peng Z, Wang Z, et al. GRSL, 2019.
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• FKRW, Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Facet Kernel and Random Walker.

  • Y. Qin, L. Bruzzone, C. Gao and B. Li. TGRS, 2019.
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• Structure-Adaptive Clutter Suppression for Infrared Small Target Detection: Chain-Growth Filtering.

  • Huang S, Liu Y, He Y, et al. Remote Sensing, 2020.
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• Infrared small-target detection based on multiple morphological profiles.

  • M. Zhao, L. Li, W. Li, et al. TGRS, 2020.
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Human Visual System-Based Methods

• LCM, A Local Contrast Method for Small Infrared Target Detection.

  • Chen C L P, Li H, Wei Y, et al. TGRS, 2013.
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• ILCM, A Robust Infrared Small Target Detection Algorithm Based on Human Visual System.

  • Han J, Ma Y, Zhou B, et al. GRSL, 2014.
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• LSM, An Efficient Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Visual Contrast Mechanism.

  • Chen Y, Xin Y. GRSL, 2016.
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• WLDM, Small infrared target detection based on weighted local difference measure.

  • Deng H, Sun X, Liu M, et al. TGRS, 2016.
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• IDoGb, An infrared small target detecting algorithm based on human visual system.

  • Han J, Ma Y, Huang J, et al. GRSL, 2016.
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• NLCM, Effective infrared small target detection utilizing a novel local contrast method.

  • Qin Y, Li B. GRSL, 2016.
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• MPCM, Multiscale patch-based contrast measure for small infrared target detection.

  • Wei Y, You X, Li H. PR, 2016.
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• LDM, Entropy-based window selection for detecting dim and small infrared targets.

  • Deng H, Sun X, Liu M, et al. PR, 2017.
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• DECM, Derivative entropy-based contrast measure for infrared small-target detection.

  • Bai X, Bi Y. TGRS, 2018.
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• RLCM, Infrared small target detection utilizing the multiscale relative local contrast measure.

  • Han J, Liang K, Zhou B, et al. GRSL, 2018.
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• WMFD, Infrared small target detection based on flux density and direction diversity in gradient vector field.

  • Liu D, Cao L, Li Z, et al. JSTARS, 2018.
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• HB-MLCM, High-boost-based multiscale local contrast measure for infrared small target detection.

  • Shi Y, Wei Y, Yao H, et al. GRSL, 2017.
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• Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Derivative Dissimilarity Measure.

  • Cao X, Rong C, Bai X. JSTARS, 2019.
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• Infrared Small Target Detection Via Center-surround Gray Difference Measure with Local Image Block Analysis.

  • Y. Li, Z. Li, Y. Shen and Z. Guo. TAES, 2022.
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• Weighted Local Ratio-Difference Contrast Method for Detecting an Infrared Small Target against Ground–Sky Background.

  • H. Wei, P. Ma, D. Pang et al. Remote Sensing, 2022.
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Optimization-Based Methods

Matrix: Single-Subspace

• IPI, Infrared patch-image model for small target detection in a single image.

  • Gao C, Meng D, Yang Y, et al. TIP, 2013.
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• NIPPS, Non-negative infrared patch-image model: Robust target-background separation via partial sum minimization of singular values.

  • Dai Y, Wu Y, Song Y, et al. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2017.
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• TV-PCP, Infrared dim target detection based on total variation regularization and principal component pursuit.

  • Wang X, Peng Z, Kong D, et al. Image and Vision Computing, 2017.
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• NRAM, Infrared small target detection via non-convex rank approximation minimization joint l2, 1 norm.

  • Zhang L, Peng L, Zhang T, et al. Remote Sensing, 2018.
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• NOLC, Infrared small target detection based on non-convex optimization with Lp-norm constraint.

  • Zhang T, Wu H, Liu Y, et al. Remote Sensing, 2019.
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• RS1/2NIPI, Detection of Small Target Using Schatten 1/2 Quasi-Norm Regularization with Reweighted Sparse Enhancement in Complex Infrared Scenes.

  • F. Zhou, Y. Wu, Y. Dai and P. Wang. Remote Sensing, 2019.
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Matrix: Multi-Subspace

• LRSR, Small infrared target detection based on low-rank and sparse representation.

  • He Y J, Li M, Zhang J L, et al. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2015.
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• SMSL, Infrared dim and small target detection based on stable multisubspace learning in heterogeneous scene.

  • Wang X, Peng Z, Kong D, et al. TGRS, 2017.
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• SRWS, Infrared small target detection via self-regularized weighted sparse model.

  • Zhang T, Peng Z, Wu H, et al. Neurocomputing, 2021.
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Tensor: Single-Frame

• RIPT, Reweighted infrared patch-tensor model with both nonlocal and local priors for single-frame small target detection.

  • Dai Y, Wu Y. JSTARS, 2017.
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• PSTNN, Infrared small target detection based on partial sum of the tensor nuclear norm.

  • Zhang L, Peng Z. Remote Sensing, 2019.
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• TCTHR, Infrared Small Target Detection via Low-Rank Tensor Completion With Top-Hat Regularization.

  • H. Zhu, S. Liu, L. Deng, Y. Li and F. Xiao. TGRS, 2020.
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• METTR, Infrared dim target detection via mode-k1k2 extension tensor tubal rank under complex ocean environment.

  • Z. Cao, X. Kong, Q. Zhu, S. Cao and Z. Peng. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2021.
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• LogTFNN, Infrared Small Target Detection via Nonconvex Tensor Fibered Rank Approximation.

  • X. Kong, C. Yang, S. Cao, C. Li, Z. Peng. TGRS, 2021.
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• CMPG, Infrared Small Target Detection via L0 Sparse Gradient Regularized Tensor Spectral Support Low-Rank Decomposition.

  • F. Zhou, M. Fu, Y. Duan et al. TAES, 2022.
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Tensor: Multi-Frame

• STT: Small Target Detection in Infrared Videos Based on Spatio-Temporal Tensor Model.

  • H. -K. Liu, L. Zhang and H. Huang. TGRS, 2020.
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• ECA-STT: Edge and Corner Awareness-Based Spatial–Temporal Tensor Model for Infrared Small-Target Detection.

  • P. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Wang, F. Shen, T. Pu and C. Fei. TGRS, 2022.
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• ASTTV-NTLA: Nonconvex Tensor Low-Rank Approximation for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • T. Liu et al. TGRS, 2022.
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• IMNN-LWEC: A Novel Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Spatial–Temporal Tensor Model.

  • Y. Luo, X. Li, S. Chen et al. TGRS, 2022.
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• NPSTT, Infrared Small Target Detection Using Nonoverlapping Patch Spatial–Temporal Tensor Factorization With Capped Nuclear Norm Regularization.

  • G. Wang, B. Tao, X. Kong and Z. Peng. TGRS, 2022.
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• SRSTT, Sparse Regularization-Based Spatial-Temporal Twist Tensor Model for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • J. Li, P. Zhang, L. Zhang and Z. Zhang. TGRS, 2023.
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• 4-D TT/TR, Infrared Small Target Detection Using Spatiotemporal 4-D Tensor Train and Ring Unfolding.

  • F. Wu, H. Yu, A. Liu, J. Luo and Z. Peng. TGRS, 2023.
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• WSWTNN-PnP, Combining Deep Denoiser and Low-rank Priors for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • T. Liu, Q. Yin, J. Yang, Y. Wang and W. An. PR, 2023.
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• 3DSTPM, Infrared Small Target Detection Combining Deep Spatial–Temporal Prior With Traditional Priors.

  • Z. Zhang, P. Gao, S. Ji, X. Wang, and P. Zhang. TGRS, 2023.
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Deep Learning-Based Methods

Single-Frame

• MDvsFA cGan, Miss detection vs. false alarm: Adversarial learning for small object segmentation in infrared images.

  • Wang H, Zhou L, Wang L. ICCV, 2019.
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• ACM, Asymmetric contextual modulation for infrared small target detection.

  • Dai Y, Wu Y, Zhou F, et al. WACV, 2021.
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• TBC-Net: A real-time detector for infrared small target detection using semantic constraint.

  • M. Zhao, L. Cheng, X. Yang, P. Feng, L. Liu and N. Wu. arXiv, 2019.
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• ALCNet, Attentional Local Contrast Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • Y. Dai, Y. Wu, F. Zhou, K. J. I. T. o. G. Barnard and R. Sensing. TGRS, 2021.
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• DNANet, Dense Nested Attention Network for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • B. Li, C. Xiao, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Lin, M. Li, et al. TIP, 2022
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• Infrared Small-Dim Target Detection with Transformer under Complex Backgrounds.

  • F. Liu, C. Gao, F. Chen, D. Meng, W. Zuo and X. Gao. TIP, 2023.
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• EAAU-Net: Enhanced asymmetric attention U-Net for infrared small target detection.

  • X. Tong, B. Sun, J. Wei, Z. Zuo and S. Su. Remote Sensing, 2021
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• AGPCNet, Attention-Guided Pyramid Context Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • Tianfang Zhang, Lei Li, Siying Cao, Tian Pu, Zhenming Peng. TAES, 2023.
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• IRSTFormer: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • G. Chen, W. Wang and S. Tan. Remote Sensing, 2022.
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• APANet, Novel Asymmetric Pyramid Aggregation Network for Infrared Dim and Small Target Detection.

  • G. Lv, L. Dong, J. Liang and W. Xu. Remote Sensing, 2022.
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• FC3-Net Exploring Feature Compensation and Cross-level Correlation for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • M. Zhang, et al. ACM MM, 2022.
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• Prior-Guided Data Augmentation for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • A. Wang, W. Li, Z. Huang et al. JSTARS, 2022
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• IAANet, Interior attention-aware network for infrared small target detection.

  • A. Wang, W. Li, Z. Huang et al. TGRS, 2022
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• ISNet: Shape matters for infrared small target detection.

  • M. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Yang et al. CVPR, 2022.
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• UIUNet: U-Net in U-Net for Infrared Small Object Detection.

  • X. Wu, D. Hong, J. Chanussot. TIP, 2023.
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• MTUNet: Multilevel TransUNet for Space-Based Infrared Tiny Ship Detection.

  • T. Wu et al. TGRS, 2023.
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• LESPS: Mapping Degeneration Meets Label Evolution: Learning Infrared Small Target Detection with Single Point Supervision.

  • X. Ying et al. CVPR, 2023.
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• RDIAN, Receptive-Field and Direction Induced Attention Network for Infrared Dim Small Target Detection With a Large-Scale Dataset IRDST.

  • H. Sun, J. Bai, F. Yang and X. Bai. TGRS, 2023.
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• Monte Carlo Linear Clustering with Single-Point Supervision is Enough for Infrared Small Target Detection

  • B. Li et al. ICCV, 2023.
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• MSHNet: Infrared Small Target Detection with Scale and Location Sensitivity.

  • Q. Liu, et al. CVPR, 2024.
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• SCTransNet: Spatial-channel Cross Transformer Network for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • S. Yuan, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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• MiM-ISTD: Mamba-in-Mamba for Efficient Infrared Small-Target Detection.

  • T. Chen, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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• IRSAM: Advancing segment anything model for infrared small target detection.

  • M. Zhang, et al. ECCV, 2024.
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• SeRankDet: Pick of the Bunch: Detecting Infrared Small Targets Beyond Hit-Miss Trade-Offs via Selective Rank-Aware Attention.

  • Y. Dai, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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Multi-Frame

• A Spatial-Temporal Feature-Based Detection Framework for Infrared Dim Small Target.

  • J. Du et al. TGRS, 2022.
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• STDMANet: Spatio-Temporal Differential Multiscale Attention Network for Small Moving Infrared Target Detection.

  • P. Yan, R. Hou, X. Duan, C. Yue, X. Wang, and X. Cao. TGRS, 2023
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• DTUM: Direction-Coded Temporal U-Shape Module for Multiframe Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • R. Li et al. TNNLS, 2023.
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• SSTNet: Sliced Spatio-Temporal Network With Cross-Slice ConvLSTM for Moving Infrared Dim-Small Target Detection.

  • S. Chen, L. Ji, J. Zhu, M. Ye, and X. Yao. TGRS, 2024.
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• DMIST: Toward Dense Moving Infrared Small Target Detection: New Datasets and Baseline.

  • S. Chen, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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• Tridos: Triple-domain Feature Learning with Frequency-aware Memory Enhancement for Moving Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • W. Duan, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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• LMAFormer: Local Motion Aware Transformer for Small Moving Infrared Target Detection.

  • Y. Huang, X. Zhi, J. Hu, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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Deep Unfolding-Based Methods

• RPCANet: Deep Unfolding RPCA Based Infrared Small Target Detection.
  • F. Wu, T. Zhang, L. Li, Y. Huang, and Z. Peng. WACV, 2024.
  • 

Datasets

Datasets: Single-Frame

• MDFA: Miss detection vs. false alarm: Adversarial learning for small object segmentation in infrared images.

  • Wang H, Zhou L, Wang L. ICCV, 2019.
  • 

• SIRST: Asymmetric contextual modulation for infrared small target detection.

  • Dai Y, Wu Y, Zhou F, et al. WACV, 2021.
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• SIRST-Aug: Attention-Guided Pyramid Context Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • Tianfang Zhang, Lei Li, Siying Cao, Tian Pu, Zhenming Peng. TAES, 2023
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• NUDT-SIRST: Dense Nested Attention Network for Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • B. Li, C. Xiao, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Lin, M. Li, et al. TIP, 2022
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• IRSTD-1k: Shape matters for infrared small target detection.

  • M. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Yang et al. CVPR, 2022
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• SIRST v2: One-Stage Cascade Refinement Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection,

  • Y. Dai, X. Li, F. Zhou, et al. TGRS, 2023.
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• NUDT-SIRST-Sea: MTU-Net: Multilevel TransUNet for Space-Based Infrared Tiny Ship Detection,

  • T. Wu, B. Li, Y. Luo, et al. TGRS, 2023.
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• DenseSIRST: Background Semantics Matter: Cross-Task Feature Exchange Network for Clustered Infrared Small Target Detection With Sky-Annotated Dataset

  • Y. Dai, X. Meng, Q. Dai, et al. Preprint, 2024.
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Datasets: Multi-Frame

• A dataset for infrared detection and tracking of dim-small aircraft targets under ground / air background,

  • B. Hui, et al. China Scientific Data, 2020.
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• A dataset for infrared time-sensitive target detection and tracking for air-ground application,

  • R. Fu, et al. China Scientific Data, 2021.
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• SAITD: A dataset for small infrared moving target detection under clutter background,

  • X. Sun, et al. China Scientific Data, 2021.
  • 

• IRDST: Receptive-field and Direction Induced Attention Network for Infrared Dim Small Target Detection with a Large-scale Dataset IRDST.

  • H. Sun, J. Bai, F. Yang, et al. TGRS, 2023.
  • 

• NUDT-MIRSDT: Direction-Coded Temporal U-Shape Module for Multiframe Infrared Small Target Detection.

  • R. Li et al. TNNLS, 2023
  • 

• SIRSTD: Spatial-Temporal Transformer for Infrared Small Target Detection in Sequential Images.

  • X. Tong et al. TGRS, 2024
  • 

• TSIRMT: LMAFormer: Local Motion Aware Transformer for Small Moving Infrared Target Detection,

  • Y. Huang, X. Zhi, J. Hu, et al. TGRS, 2024.
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• IRSatVideo-LEO: Infrared Small Target Detection in Satellite Videos: A New Dataset and A Novel Recurrent Feature Refinement Framework,

  • X. Ying, et al. Preprint, 2024.
  • 

Recommended Benchmarks

Title	Date	Link
ISTD Python	2021	https://github.com/Tianfang-Zhang/ISTD-python
BasicIRSTD	2023	https://github.com/XinyiYing/BasicIRSTD
ISTD-Benchmark	2023	https://github.com/Linaom1214/ISTD-Benchmark
STD-EvalKit	2024	https://github.com/IRSTD/STD-EvalKit

Recommended Surveys

• Single-Frame Infrared Small-Target Detection: A survey.
  • M. Zhao, et al. GRSM, 2022.
  • 
• Infrared small target segmentation networks: A survey.
  • R. Kou, et al. PR, 2023.
  • 

Acknowledgement

This repository was founded by Tianfang-Zhang, and is currently updated by fengyiwu98. If you have any issue, please contact us.

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Note:

• represents offical code.
• represents reproduced code.