feat: add round robin scheduling algorithm with tests

cpu_scheduling_algorithms/round_robin_scheduling.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief Implementation of Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm.
+ * @details
+ * Round Robin is a CPU scheduling algorithm where each process is assigned a
+ * fixed time slot (quantum) in cyclic order. It is simple, fair, and
+ * starvation-free but may result in high context switching overhead.
+ *
+ * @see [Round Robin Scheduling on
+ * Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_scheduling)
+ *
+ * @author [Kartikay Pandey](https://github.com/Kartikay-0111)
+ */
+
+#include <cassert>   ///< for assert
+#include <iostream>  ///< for std::cout, std::endl
+#include <vector>    ///< for std::vector
+
+/**
+ * @namespace scheduling
+ * @brief Namespace for scheduling algorithms
+ */
+namespace scheduling {
+
+/**
+ * @brief A struct to represent a process.
+ */
+struct Process {
+    int id;   ///< Process ID
+    int bt;   ///< Burst Time
+    int wt;   ///< Waiting Time
+    int tat;  ///< Turnaround Time
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to calculate waiting times for all processes.
+ * @param processes Vector of processes
+ * @param quantum Time quantum for Round Robin Scheduling
+ */
+void calculate_waiting_time(std::vector<Process> &processes, int quantum) {
+    int n = processes.size();
+    std::vector<int> rem_bt(n);  ///< Remaining burst times
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        rem_bt[i] = processes[i].bt;
+    }
+
+    int t = 0;  ///< Current time
+
+    // Round-robin scheduling logic
+    while (true) {
+        bool done = true;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (rem_bt[i] > 0) {
+                done =
+                    false;  ///< There is at least one process left to execute
+
+                if (rem_bt[i] > quantum) {
+                    t += quantum;          ///< Increase time by quantum
+                    rem_bt[i] -= quantum;  ///< Decrease remaining burst time
+                } else {
+                    t += rem_bt[i];  ///< Add remaining burst time
+                    processes[i].wt =
+                        t - processes[i].bt;  ///< Calculate waiting time
+                    rem_bt[i] = 0;            ///< Process is completed
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (done) {  ///< If the process is completed then break
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to calculate turnaround times for all processes.
+ * @param processes Vector of processes
+ */
+void calculate_turnaround_time(std::vector<Process> &processes) {
+    for (auto &process : processes) {
+        process.tat = process.bt + process.wt;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to calculate average times and display process details.
+ * @param processes Vector of processes
+ * @param quantum Time quantum for Round Robin Scheduling
+ */
+void calculate_avg_time(std::vector<Process> &processes, int quantum) {
+    calculate_waiting_time(processes, quantum);
+    calculate_turnaround_time(processes);
+
+    int total_wt = 0;   ///< Total waiting time
+    int total_tat = 0;  ///< Total turnaround time
+
+    std::cout << "PID\tBT\tWT\tTAT\n";
+    for (const auto &process : processes) {
+        total_wt += process.wt;
+        total_tat += process.tat;
+        std::cout << process.id << '\t' << process.bt << '\t' << process.wt
+                  << '\t' << process.tat << '\n';
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Average waiting time = "
+              << static_cast<float>(total_wt) / processes.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Average turnaround time = "
+              << static_cast<float>(total_tat) / processes.size() << '\n';
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduling
+
+/**
+ * @brief Self-test implementations
+ */
+static void test() {
+    std::vector<scheduling::Process> processes = {
+        {1, 10, 0, 0}, {2, 5, 0, 0}, {3, 8, 0, 0}};
+
+    int quantum = 2;
+
+    scheduling::calculate_avg_time(processes, quantum);
+
+    // Validate waiting times
+    assert(processes[0].wt == 13);  ///< Validate waiting time for process 1
+    assert(processes[1].wt == 10);  ///< Validate waiting time for process 2
+    assert(processes[2].wt == 13);  ///< Validate waiting time for process 3
+
+    // Validate turnaround times
+    assert(processes[0].tat == 23);  ///< Validate turnaround time for process 1
+    assert(processes[1].tat == 15);  ///< Validate turnaround time for process 2
+    assert(processes[2].tat == 21);  ///< Validate turnaround time for process 3
+
+    std::cout << "All tests have successfully passed!\n";
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Main function
+ * @returns 0 on exit
+ */
+int main() {
+    test();  // Run self-tests
+    return 0;
+}