Update ubuntu-latest to use Ubuntu 24.04

Fixes actions#10636

Update workflows and documentation to use Ubuntu 24.04 as the default image for `ubuntu-latest`.

* **README.md**
  - Update the "Available Images" section to indicate that `ubuntu-latest` points to Ubuntu 24.04.
  - Add an announcement about Ubuntu 24.04 in the "Announcements" section.

* **Workflows**
  - Update `.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/create_github_release.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/create_pull_request.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/create_sbom_report.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/linter.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/merge_pull_request.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/powershell-tests.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.
  - Update `.github/workflows/update_github_release.yml` to use `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`.

---

For more details, open the [Copilot Workspace session](https://copilot-workspace.githubnext.com/actions/runner-images/issues/10636?shareId=XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX).

README.md

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ To build a VM machine from this repo's source, see the [instructions](docs/creat
 
 See notable upcoming changes by viewing issues with the [Announcement](https://github.com/actions/runner-images/labels/Announcement) label.
 
+- [Ubuntu-latest workflows will use Ubuntu-24.04 image](https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/10636)
+
 ## Image Definitions
 
 ### Beta