Type annotations, mypy config, pydoclint setup, and other changes #20

Job	Run time
py3.12 \| macos \| integration tests	10m 22s
py3.12 \| ubuntu \| integration tests	10m 20s
mypy	3m 45s
py3.12 \| macos \| unit tests	9m 47s
py3.12 \| windows \| integration tests	10m 13s
py3.12 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	10m 23s
py3.12 \| windows \| unit tests	10m 14s
py3.10 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	10m 23s
py3.11 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	10m 22s
	1h 25m 49s

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