protobuf3: 21.12 -> 23.4

[tobim]

Description of changes

https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v23.4

v22 is also not packaged, but since it hasn't been added so far I think we can leave a gap.

Things done

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandbox = true set in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 23.11 Release Notes (or backporting 23.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

[tjni]

protobuf-c is broken and it looks like they haven't released a version that supports 22.x or 23.x yet. I did find protobuf-c/protobuf-c#673, which indicates support should be present in their next branch.

@NickCao, do you have a preference on what to do?

[NickCao]

@NickCao, do you have a preference on what to do?

Let's bump to the version in next, protobufc is depended by a handful of important packages and we cannot leave it broken.

[tjni]

I opened #248306. Adding abseil-cpp to propagatedBuildInputs was indeed needed. I don't have the ability to test this on Linux; I could only test it on aarch64-darwin since I had already built all of the stuff on staging.