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Lower distributed matmul to pipelined algorithm for fine-grained overlap: AG+GEMM layout #3606

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@samnordmann samnordmann commented Dec 18, 2024

Stacked on top of

What

Lower a MatmulOp sharded on the first inner axis into a pipelined AG+GEMM algorithm achieving fine grained overlap.

We introduce a new parallel type Stream to account for this scheduling.

More precisely, this patch enables lowering the fusion:

  TensorView* a = makeContigTensor(4); //[S, DIDx(D), M/(S*d), K]
  TensorView* b = makeContigTensor(2); //[K, N]
  TensorView* c = matmul(a, b); //[S, D, M/(S*D), N]

  fusion->addInput(a);
  fusion->addInput(b);
  fusion->addOutput(c);

  auto mesh = DeviceMesh::createForNumDevices(D);
  a->setDeviceMesh(mesh);
  b->setDeviceMesh(mesh);
  c->setDeviceMesh(mesh);

  a->axis(1)->parallelize(ParallelType::DIDx);
  c->axis(0)->parallelize(ParallelType::Stream);

to the Host Ir program (obtained from dump, using NVFUSER_DUMP=host_ir)

%HostIrContainer { (T0_g_float[iS0{i0}, ideviceIdx.x1{i2}, iS2{i3}, iS3{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), T1_g_float[iS4{i5}, iS5{i6}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})) -> (T2_g_float[iStream6{i0}, iS7{i2}, iS8{i3}, iS9{i6}, rS10{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})) :
  GetCurrentStream into Stream 0
  T3_g_float[iS11{i0}, iS12{i2}, iS13{i3}, iS14{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}) = ALLOCATE(buffer=T3_g_float[iS11{i0}, iS12{i2}, iS13{i3}, iS14{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), mem_type=global, size=( ( ( i0 * i2 ) * i3 ) * i4 ), zero_init=false, resets_to_zero=fals
e)
  T2_g_float[iStream6{i0}, iS7{i2}, iS8{i3}, iS9{i6}, rS10{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}) = ALLOCATE(buffer=T2_g_float[iStream6{i0}, iS7{i2}, iS8{i3}, iS9{i6}, rS10{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), mem_type=global, size=( ( ( i0 * i2 ) * i3 ) * i6 ), zero_init=fals
e, resets_to_zero=false)
  FOR i104 in iS0{i0}:
    SetCurrentStream to Stream ( i104 % numberOfStreams )
    T4_l_float[ideviceIdx.x15{i2}, iS16{i3}, iS17{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})
       = select( T0_g_float[iS0{i0}, ideviceIdx.x1{i2}, iS2{i3}, iS3{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), axis = iS0{i0}, index = i104 )
    T5_l_float[iS18{i2}, iS19{i3}, iS20{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})
       = select( T3_g_float[iS11{i0}, iS12{i2}, iS13{i3}, iS14{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), axis = iS11{i0}, index = i104 )
    Communication 46 (type=Allgather, team=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7), input=T4_l_float[ideviceIdx.x15{i2}, iS16{i3}, iS17{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), output=T5_l_float[iS18{i2}, iS19{i3}, iS20{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}))
    Wait Communication 46
    T6_l_float[iS21{i2}, iS22{i3}, iS23{i6}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})
       = select( T2_g_float[iStream6{i0}, iS7{i2}, iS8{i3}, iS9{i6}, rS10{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}), axis = iStream6{i0}, index = i104 )
    T6_l_float[iS21{i2}, iS22{i3}, iS23{i6}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7})
       = matmul(T5_l_float[iS18{i2}, iS19{i3}, iS20{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}),
                T1_g_float[iS4{i5}, iS5{i6}] (DeviceMesh{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}))
    SetCurrentStream to Stream 0
    Synchronize Stream ( i104 % numberOfStreams )
} // %HostIrContainer

The nsight profile shows that we do achieve overlap, in a way that is comparable to the Aten overlap experiments

Screenshot 2024-12-18 at 12 08 05

@samnordmann samnordmann force-pushed the overlap/lower_matmul_to_hostir branch from bb867e8 to b517c2b Compare December 18, 2024 08:47
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!test

csrc/host_ir/lower.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
csrc/host_ir/lower.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
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samnordmann added a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 23, 2024
# What

Make stream synchronization non-blocking from the CPU point of view

# Why

Needed for achieving overlap in 
- #3606

before this patch:
![Screenshot 2024-12-18 at 12 08
25](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f5c84282-ea85-4cb8-8a60-538cd91cfa1c)
after this patch
![Screenshot 2024-12-18 at 12 08
05](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/25537a5d-3e33-4ff8-baf4-4f013c1ed230)


# How 

Before this patch, the host IR `Synchronize` would call
`c10::synchronize()` on the cuda stream, which makes the CPU blocks
until stream completion. With this patch, we synchronize the current
stream with a given stream through a `cudaEvent` and the API
`cudaStreamWaitEvent`.
samnordmann added a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 23, 2024
# What

adds the primitive `GetCurrentStream` to Host Ir stack.

# Why

needed for 
- #3606

The idea is that if we want to use multiple stream internally, we need
before hand to capture the user stream and to set it back to being the
active stream when returning
tests/cpp/test_multidevice_matmul.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
csrc/scheduler/no_op.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ std::pair<std::vector<IterDomain*>, std::vector<IterDomain*>> getShardingChanges
bool isSharded(const TensorView* tv) {
bool is_sharded = false;
for (IterDomain* alloc_id : tv->getMaybeAllocationDomain()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim() || alloc_id->isReduction()) {
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This along with several other changes is for supporting rDID? That's intentionally unsupported because rDID (unlike r) means the data only exists in one GPU and the collectives nvFuser practically uses today (e.g. allreduce and reducescatter) don't do that. I'll need to figure out where rDID came from. It's unexpected because your test doesn't try to parallelize a reduction dimension in the first place.

cc @naoyam

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This along with several other changes is for supporting rDID?

This patch is not needed in my test, but indeed the case rDID appears in other tests which were previously added.

That's intentionally unsupported because

In this case, we should assert that this case is not encountered (but it actually is in the present state). For now nothing prevents this case to occur:

.iter_type(IterType::Reduction)

For example, take ReduceScatter/PipelineTestTwoStages.Communication/7 with GetParam() = (NCCL, DeviceMesh{1 0}, DeviceMesh{}, true, true, true, 1, false),

Another more subtle case occurs from InsertReshardingsPass. Take for example MultiDeviceReductionTest.UnshardedInput_ShardedOutput/symbolic_sharded_along_dim_0. Place a break point at csrc/preseg_passes/pre_segmenter.cpp:43, aka just before applying OptimizationPass<InsertReshardingsPass> on the fusion.

Before this pass, the fusion reads as

T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = Set( T0_g_float[iS0{i0}, iS1{i2}, iS2{i3}, iS3{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1}), cache_op=Streaming )
T2_g_float[ideviceIdx.x8{i0}, iS9{i2}, iS10{i3}, iS11{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   + T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1});
T3_g_float[rS12{i0}, iS13{i2}, iS14{i3}, ideviceIdx.x15{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = reduction( T2_g_float[ideviceIdx.x8{i0}, iS9{i2}, iS10{i3}, iS11{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1}), op = add, initial value = float(0), allreduce = false )

and after this pass:

T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = Set( T0_g_float[iS0{i0}, iS1{i2}, iS2{i3}, iS3{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1}), cache_op=Streaming )
T2_g_float[ideviceIdx.x8{i0}, iS9{i2}, iS10{i3}, iS11{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   + T1_g_float[ideviceIdx.x4{i0}, iS5{i2}, iS6{i3}, iS7{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1});
T3_l_float[rdeviceIdx.x12{i0}, iS13{i2}, iS14{i3}, iS15{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = reduction( T2_g_float[ideviceIdx.x8{i0}, iS9{i2}, iS10{i3}, iS11{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1}), op = add, initial value = float(0), allreduce = false )
T4_g_float[iS16{i2}, iS17{i3}, ideviceIdx.x18{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1})
   = Set( T3_l_float[rdeviceIdx.x12{i0}, iS13{i2}, iS14{i3}, iS15{i4}] (DeviceMesh{0 1}), cache_op=Streaming )

and we see that rdeviceIdx.x appears.

rDID (unlike r) means the data only exists in one GPU and the collectives nvFuser practically uses today (e.g. allreduce and reducescatter) don't do that.

Ok, but anyway I think the present patch on isSharded and other function are still relevant. Don't you agree?

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Looking... I'll have to run an earlier version of this branch to understand what exactly failed.

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Looking... I'll have to run an earlier version of this branch to understand what exactly failed.

Yes, sorry about that. Let me know how I can help. We can set up a meeting if you want

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Incidental note:

.iter_type(IterType::Reduction)
, what you pointed out, is correct. resetSchedulingParams() resets the parallel type to Serial so it'll be r instead of rDID.

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Another more subtle case occurs from InsertReshardingsPass

This is related to the isInnerResharding change in this PR, so I'll comment over there.

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we should assert that this case is not encountered

Yep, it's unfortunately one of the many places in nvFuser where a contract is not fully verified. And PRs are welcomed. In the meantime, how about moving

id->parallelize(ParallelType::Serial);
to shardAllLike? It has been the biggest source of rDID.

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how about moving

id->parallelize(ParallelType::Serial);

to shardAllLike? It has been the biggest source of rDID.

sounds good!

Comment on lines 28 to 31
if (HostIrLower::canLower(expr)) {
continue;
}
if (expr->outputs().size() > 1 || expr->inputs().size() > 1) {
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Can you code-comment this? I suspect this is to work around some limitations in insert_resharding and reorder_sharded_axis for the stream-parallelized matmul you are working on. Otherwise, all non-lowerable resharding expressions would have been decomposed.

Eventually, insert_resharding should generate the following

image

and reorder_sharded_axis should do nothing for the allgather because the DIDx axis is outermost allocated (note that S in the allgather output is stream-parallelized and therefore has allocation size of 1).

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Can you code-comment this? I suspect this is to work around some limitations in insert_resharding and reorder_sharded_axis for the stream-parallelized matmul you are working on. Otherwise, all non-lowerable resharding expressions would have been decomposed.

Before the patch, the pass was throwing an error if the expr had multiple I/O. After this patch, we don't throw, we only pass. There is nothing fundamental to that. When needed, in a future PR, we could extend this pass to also support multiple I/O. But anyway, we don't rely on this pass for distributed matmul test added by this patch.

and reorder_sharded_axis should do nothing for the allgather because the DIDx axis is outermost allocated (note that S in the allgather output is stream-parallelized and therefore has allocation size of 1).

That is not correct, the stream axis is fully allocated.

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After this patch, we don't throw, we only pass.

To rephrase my previous comment, I was trying to say this is a wrong change. InsertReshardingsPass (which runs before ReorderShardedAxis) should already have decomposed each resharding expression into local expressions and resharding expressions that can be lowered to a communication (modulo the axis order which this pass tries to fix). All communications today takes one TV and produces one TV, so there's nothing wrong with the old code here to error out when seeing a multiple-I/O resharding expression.

Therefore, I was trying to understand what triggered you to make this change. Was it to work around a limitation in InsertReshardingsPass?

That is not correct, the stream axis is fully allocated.

(I brought this up but this no longer matters for the current discussion around multiple I/O. But still I'd like to point out a potential misconception so we can be on the same page for the future!)

I don't think so. A stream-parallelized IterDomain in allocation (in your unit test the same as loop and logical) means the allocation for that axis is sharded, similar to how nvFuser deals with TID and BID. For the allgather output, the allocation ought to be size [1, D, M/S/D, K] and it ought to be done inside the for loop. When we aggressively run each loop iteration on a different stream, the total allocation will be the same as [S, D, M/S/D, K]; however, SOTA tends to limit concurrent streams so allocation is less than that. E.g., a double-buffer approach allocates [2, D, M/S/D, K].

That said, I understand your current implementation fully allocates the allgather output outside the loop. It's valid just suboptimal. To represent that, I'd like the loop to be stream parallelized but allocation to not be stream parallelized. However, doing so today may run into problems as we don't support DID loop split. So I'm definitely OK with some temporary workarounds.

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Therefore, I was trying to understand what triggered you to make this change. Was it to work around a limitation in InsertReshardingsPass?

Without this change, DistributedTransformerTest throws.

(I brought this up but this no longer matters for the current discussion around multiple I/O. But still I'd like to point out a potential misconception so we can be on the same page for the future!)

no problem!

I got your point, which makes a lot of sense. The only thing I am still not sure to understand is:

reorder_sharded_axis should do nothing for the allgather because the DIDx axis is outermost allocated

In our case, according to your convention, loop axis is stream-parallelized, but allocation axis is not. Then reorder_sharded_axis should do nothing but DID is still not outermost allocated

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Then reorder_sharded_axis should do nothing but DID is still not outermost allocated

It depends on the TV representing the allgather output.

For me, what should happen is:

  1. InsertReshardingsPass creates a Set before the Matmul. The output TV of that set has loop/allocation=[iStream{S},D,M/SD,K].
  2. Host IR lowering sees that and c both have iStream{S} and decides to inline/fuse allgather and matmul into the same host loop.
  3. Because allgather_out has iStream{S} in allocation, host IR lowering will generate an Allocate inside the loop for size [1,D,M/SD,K].
  4. Some downstream host IR optimization inserts Deallocate.
  5. Some downstream host IR optimization decides the number of streams (typically smaller than S) and adds control-flow dependencies so Deallocate is guaranteed to happen early enough. Otherwise, we may have all the S [1,D,M/SD,K]s alive at peak.

A suboptimal alternative is:

  1. InsertReshardingsPass creates a Set before the Matmul. The output TV of that set has loop=[iStream{S},i{D},i{M/SD},i{K}] but allocation=[i{S},i{D},i{M/SD},i{K}].
  2. same
  3. Because allgather_out has i{S} in allocation, host IR lowering will generate an Allocate outside the loop for size [S,D,M/SD,K].
  4. same
  5. doesn't matter because allgather_out is allocated outside the loop and its size won't be affected anyway

My earlier statement was describing the former, and what your patch implements is close to the latter. I guess that's where your confusion came from.

That said, does InsertReshardingsPass kick in for your unit test? https://github.com/NVIDIA/Fuser/pull/3606/files#diff-85674f0bb25ed74e0f94deeb9af9c3d9a5a1f43ce6a7b51339ab9cb25c365303R382-R385 lets host IR lowering create the allgather output TV, giving me the impression InsertReshardingsPass doesn't kick in.

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Without this change, DistributedTransformerTest throws.

I'll run the test to understand what's going on. This PR doesn't change DistributedTransformerTest and the test passes at head, so there must be something else in this PR that triggered the throw.

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again, I had to add a couple of additional small fixes to account for some other tests...

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!test

is_sharded = true;

if (alloc_id->isReduction()) {
is_reduction_sharded = true;
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is_reduction_sharded is only used here to check that there are not two axis DID-sharded. I am not convinced the checks necessarily needs to be done in this function. Another option could be to modify ShardingTest.ReductionShouldNotBeSharded

tests/cpp/test_multidevice_matmul.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
csrc/host_ir/lower.cpp Show resolved Hide resolved
Comment on lines 28 to 31
if (HostIrLower::canLower(expr)) {
continue;
}
if (expr->outputs().size() > 1 || expr->inputs().size() > 1) {
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After this patch, we don't throw, we only pass.

To rephrase my previous comment, I was trying to say this is a wrong change. InsertReshardingsPass (which runs before ReorderShardedAxis) should already have decomposed each resharding expression into local expressions and resharding expressions that can be lowered to a communication (modulo the axis order which this pass tries to fix). All communications today takes one TV and produces one TV, so there's nothing wrong with the old code here to error out when seeing a multiple-I/O resharding expression.

Therefore, I was trying to understand what triggered you to make this change. Was it to work around a limitation in InsertReshardingsPass?

That is not correct, the stream axis is fully allocated.

(I brought this up but this no longer matters for the current discussion around multiple I/O. But still I'd like to point out a potential misconception so we can be on the same page for the future!)

I don't think so. A stream-parallelized IterDomain in allocation (in your unit test the same as loop and logical) means the allocation for that axis is sharded, similar to how nvFuser deals with TID and BID. For the allgather output, the allocation ought to be size [1, D, M/S/D, K] and it ought to be done inside the for loop. When we aggressively run each loop iteration on a different stream, the total allocation will be the same as [S, D, M/S/D, K]; however, SOTA tends to limit concurrent streams so allocation is less than that. E.g., a double-buffer approach allocates [2, D, M/S/D, K].

That said, I understand your current implementation fully allocates the allgather output outside the loop. It's valid just suboptimal. To represent that, I'd like the loop to be stream parallelized but allocation to not be stream parallelized. However, doing so today may run into problems as we don't support DID loop split. So I'm definitely OK with some temporary workarounds.

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The CI is finally green!

But @wujingyue I'll wait your final word before merging

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ std::pair<std::vector<IterDomain*>, std::vector<IterDomain*>> getShardingChanges
bool isSharded(const TensorView* tv) {
bool is_sharded = false;
for (IterDomain* alloc_id : tv->getMaybeAllocationDomain()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim() || alloc_id->isReduction()) {
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Incidental note:

.iter_type(IterType::Reduction)
, what you pointed out, is correct. resetSchedulingParams() resets the parallel type to Serial so it'll be r instead of rDID.

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ std::pair<std::vector<IterDomain*>, std::vector<IterDomain*>> getShardingChanges
bool isSharded(const TensorView* tv) {
bool is_sharded = false;
for (IterDomain* alloc_id : tv->getMaybeAllocationDomain()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim() || alloc_id->isReduction()) {
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Another more subtle case occurs from InsertReshardingsPass

This is related to the isInnerResharding change in this PR, so I'll comment over there.

csrc/host_ir/lower.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ std::pair<std::vector<IterDomain*>, std::vector<IterDomain*>> getShardingChanges
bool isSharded(const TensorView* tv) {
bool is_sharded = false;
for (IterDomain* alloc_id : tv->getMaybeAllocationDomain()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim()) {
if (!alloc_id->isDeviceDim() || alloc_id->isReduction()) {
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we should assert that this case is not encountered

Yep, it's unfortunately one of the many places in nvFuser where a contract is not fully verified. And PRs are welcomed. In the meantime, how about moving

id->parallelize(ParallelType::Serial);
to shardAllLike? It has been the biggest source of rDID.

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!test

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!test

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!test

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LGTM :shipit:

csrc/host_ir/lower.cpp Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
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!test

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