MDEV-32067 InnoDB linear read ahead had better be logical

[Thirunarayanan]

MDEV-32067 InnoDB linear read ahead had better be logical

The traditional linear read-ahead, enabled by innodb_read_ahead_threshold=56,
only works if pages are allocated on adjacent page numbers, which is not
always the case for B-tree leaf pages.

After this change, the exact nonzero values of
innodb_read_ahead_threshold matter only for the read-ahead of
undo log pages.

Introduced Multi-Range Read (MRR) aware read-ahead that collects
actual leaf page numbers during B-tree traversal

buf_read_ahead_undo(): Renamed from buf_read_ahead_linear().
This function will no longer be invoked on any BLOB pages
(for which FIL_PAGE_PREV and FIL_PAGE_NEXT were not initialized
consistently) nor on any index pages. For index leaf pages,
we will introduce buf_read_ahead_one() and buf_read_ahead_pages().

buf_read_ahead_one(): Read ahead one (sibling leaf) page.
This logic cannot be disabled.

buf_read_ahead_pages(): Read ahead B-tree index leaf pages.

buf_read_ahead_random(): Split the function into two parts: one
that determines which range of pages should be read, and another
that actually initiates a read of the pages.

btr_pcur_move_to_next_page(): Invoke buf_read_ahead_one()
instead of buf_read_ahead_linear().

btr_pcur_move_backward_from_page(): Implement a fast path of
trying to acquire a latch on the previous page without waiting,
and invoke buf_read_ahead_one() on the preceding page, with the
assumption that we may be accessing that page in the near future.

btr_copy_blob_prefix(): Simplify the logic. On other than
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED BLOB pages, the FIL_PAGE_NEXT field is not
meaningfully initialized. The FIL_PAGE_PREV field is not pointing
to anything meaningful either. buf_read_ahead_linear() expects
these to be set meaningfully. Only the non-default setting
innodb_random_read_ahead=ON might be meaningful here.

btr_cur_t::search_leaf(): Add MRR read-ahead context to collect
leaf page numbers at PAGE_LEVEL=1 during B-tree traversal.
The collected page numbers represent actual leaf pages that
will be accessed, enabling more targeted
read-ahead than linear page number assumptions.

mrr_readahead_ctx_t: New structure for passing MRR context
through the call chain from ha_innobase -> row_search_mvcc()
-> btr_pcur_open() -> search_leaf() and it has
READ_AHEAD_PAGES=64 limit.

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[dr-m]

I only reviewed a small part of this so far. Please debug this with undo tablespace truncation enabled.