Set up pre-commit hooks

[afuetterer]

What does this PR do?

Fixes #2274

I used the same config like the KeyBERT repo, but updated the hooks versions. Should the extra lint ci job be removed? I did not want to remove it without asking for permission.

This now leads to a lot of "trailing whitespace" fixes. Also there are a few findings from ruff.

Do you want (me) to fix those in this PR?

Before submitting

• This PR fixes a typo or improves the docs (if yes, ignore all other checks!).
• Did you read the contributor guideline?
• Was this discussed/approved via a Github issue? Please add a link to it if that's the case.
• Did you make sure to update the documentation with your changes (if applicable)?
• Did you write any new necessary tests?

[afuetterer]

For comparison: The lint step using the pre-commit hooks (without installing BERTopic itself) took 22 seconds, whereas the lint job (with installing BERTopic and dev dependencies) took 3m 11s.