Add support for time intervals in HH:MM:SS and similar formats

[xylar]

This merge adds support for time intervals in the following formats:

• DDDD_HH:MM:SS(.sss...) (previously supported)
• HH:MM:SS(.sss...)
• MM:SS(.sss...)
• SS(.sss...)

This will make compatibility with Polaris and MPAS-Ocean simpler, see E3SM-Project/polaris#444.

Checklist

• Documentation:
  • User's Guide has been updated
  • Developer's Guide has been updated
  • Documentation has been built locally and changes look as expected
• Linting
  • Pre-commit run locally
• Building
  • CMake build does not produce any new warnings from changes in this PR
• Testing
  • Add a comment to the PR titled Testing with the following:
    • Which machines CTest unit tests
      have been run on and indicate that are all passing.
    • The Polaris omega_pr test suite
      has passed, using the Polaris e3sm_submodules/Omega baseline
    • Document machine(s), compiler(s), and the build path(s) used for -p for both the baseline (Polaris e3sm_submodules/Omega) and the PR build
    • Indicate "All tests passed" or document failing tests
    • Document testing used to verify the changes including any tests that are added/modified/impacted.
      after.
  • New tests:
    • CTest unit tests for new features have been added per the approved design.

Fixes E3SM-Project/polaris#444

[xylar]

Testing

Two new CTests were added to verify time-interval string support:

• TIMEINTERVAL_PARSE_TEST
• TIMEINTERVAL_PARSE_EXTENDED_FORMATS_TEST

CTest unit tests:

• Machine: chrysalis
• Compiler: intel
• Build type: Release
• Result: All tests passed
• Log: /gpfs/fs1/home/ac.xylar/e3sm_work/polaris/main/build_omega/build_chrysalis_intel/ctests.log

Polaris omega_pr suite

All failures including baseline diffs are actually due to the PIO errors we have been seeing. There were missing files in the baseline run because of the PIO errors that result in seeming baseline diffs -- file present in one run and not the other.

• Baseline workdir: /lcrc/group/e3sm/ac.xylar/polaris_0.9/chrysalis/test_20260115/omega-pr-develop
• Baseline build: /lcrc/group/e3sm/ac.xylar/polaris_0.9/chrysalis/test_20260115/omega-pr-develop/build
• PR build: /lcrc/group/e3sm/ac.xylar/polaris_0.9/chrysalis/test_20260115/omega-pr-fix-time-step-hh-mm-ss/build
• PR workdir: /lcrc/group/e3sm/ac.xylar/polaris_0.9/chrysalis/test_20260115/omega-pr-fix-time-step-hh-mm-ss
• Machine: chrysalis
• Partition: compute
• Compiler: intel
• Build type: <Debug|Release>
• Log: /lcrc/group/e3sm/ac.xylar/polaris_0.9/chrysalis/test_20260115/omega-pr-fix-time-step-hh-mm-ss/polaris_omega_pr.o1125626
• Result:
  • Failures (1 of 7):
    • ocean/planar/manufactured_solution/convergence_both/del2
  • Diffs (1 of 7):
    • ocean/spherical/icos/rotation_2d

[xylar]

@brian-oneill, would you be willing to review this?

[brian-oneill]

Looks good, parser handles all the different forms correctly. Ran the ctests successfully on pm-cpu and pm-gpu.

[xylar]

Thank you for the testing and review, @brian-oneill!