fix(library): catch exceptions raised while enabling ddtrace integrations [backport 2.18]

[github-actions]

Backport 79069a3 from #11759 to 2.18.

Description

• Improves the error message generated when ddtrace failed to patch/enable an integration.
• Ensure patching modules and sub-modules are wrapped in a try-except. The ddtrace library should not crash an application if an integration can not be patched.

Motivation

Prevent issues like this: #11603

Checklist

• PR author has checked that all the criteria below are met
• The PR description includes an overview of the change
• The PR description articulates the motivation for the change
• The change includes tests OR the PR description describes a testing strategy
• The PR description notes risks associated with the change, if any
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• The change follows the library release note guidelines
• The change includes or references documentation updates if necessary
• Backport labels are set (if applicable)

Reviewer Checklist

• Reviewer has checked that all the criteria below are met
• Title is accurate
• All changes are related to the pull request's stated goal
• Avoids breaking API changes
• Testing strategy adequately addresses listed risks
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• Release note makes sense to a user of the library
• If necessary, author has acknowledged and discussed the performance implications of this PR as reported in the benchmarks PR comment
• Backport labels are set in a manner that is consistent with the release branch maintenance policy

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2024-12-19 19:23:17

Comparing candidate commit 15a89f5 in PR branch backport-11759-to-2.18 with baseline commit 9924f37 in branch 2.18.

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 394 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.