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object-create-and-nonwritable-properties.md

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不可写属性的继承问题

(() => {
  const obj = {}
  Object.defineProperty(obj, 'x', { value: 1 }) // obj.x 不可写
  const o = Object.create(obj)
  o.x = 2
  console.log(o.x) // 1 还是 2？
})()

关键语句在o.x = 2，可以从ECMA-262规范中看看这行语句是如何执行的。

流程分析

对于赋值语句，在规范 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation 中可以发现实际执行的是 PutValue(lref, rval)。而 PutValue 中对于对象属性赋值，调用的是 o.[[Set]]('x', 2, o)。因此，可以根据Set来梳理流程。

  1. o.[[set]]('x', 2, o)
  2. OrdinarySet(o, 'x', 2, o)
  3. OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor(o, 'x', 2, o, undefined)
  4. obj.[[Set]]('x', 2, o)
  5. OrdinarySet(obj, 'x', 2, o)
  6. OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor(obj, 'x', 2, o, { writable: false })

OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor执行了 2 次，第 1 次传入的 ownDesc 为 undefined，因为 o 上没有 x 属性。 从而导致调用 obj.[[Set]]('x', 2, o)，触发第二次 OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor 的调用，不过这次使用的是 obj 上的 ownDesc。

所以，给对象上非自身属性赋值时，会使用原型上该属性的 ownDesc，如果不可写，则这次写操作会失败。

OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor ( O, P, V, Receiver, ownDesc )

When the abstract operation OrdinarySetWithOwnDescriptor is called with Object O, property key P, value V, ECMAScript language value Receiver, and Property Descriptor (or undefined) ownDesc, the following steps are taken:

  1. Assert: IsPropertyKey(P) is true.

  2. If ownDesc is undefined, then

    a. Let parent be ? O.[GetPrototypeOf].

    b. If parent is not null, then

     1. Return ? parent.[[Set]](P, V, Receiver).

    c. Else,

     1. Set ownDesc to the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: undefined, [[Writable]]: true, [[Enumerable]]: true, [[Configurable]]: true }.

  3. If IsDataDescriptor(ownDesc) is true, then

    a. If ownDesc.[[Writable]] is false, return false.

    b. If Type(Receiver) is not Object, return false.

    c. Let existingDescriptor be ? Receiver.[GetOwnProperty].

    d. If existingDescriptor is not undefined, then

     1. If IsAccessorDescriptor(existingDescriptor) is true, return false.
 2. If existingDescriptor.[[Writable]] is false, return false.
 3. Let valueDesc be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: V }.
 4. Return ? Receiver.[[DefineOwnProperty]](P, valueDesc).

    e. Else,

     1. Assert: Receiver does not currently have a property P.
 2. Return ? CreateDataProperty(Receiver, P, V).

  4. Assert: IsAccessorDescriptor(ownDesc) is true.

  5. Let setter be ownDesc.[[Set]].

  6. If setter is undefined, return false.

  7. Perform ? Call(setter, Receiver, « V »).

  8. Return true.