footnote-chinese-style-examples.tex

\documentclass{ctexart}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage{xunicode-addon}

\input code-with-output

% set char class and font for circled numbers
% ref: https://stone-zeng.github.io/2019-02-09-circled-numbers
\xeCJKDeclareCharClass{Default}{"24EA, "2460->"2473, "3251->"32BF}
\newfontfamily\EnclosedNumbers{Source Han Serif SC}

% patch \textcircled
\AtBeginUTFCommand[\textcircled]{\begingroup\EnclosedNumbers}
\AtEndUTFCommand[\textcircled]{\endgroup}

\begin{document}

\makeatletter
\def\thempfootnote{{\@arabic\c@mpfootnote}}
\makeatother
\begin{example}{Default footnote style}
  abc\footnote{abc} def\footnote{def}
\end{example}

\makeatletter
% add wrapper \textcircled,
% adapted from latex.ltx, line 6380:
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\textcircled{\@arabic\c@footnote}}

% use separate footnote mark command
\xpatchcmd\@makefntext
  {\hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}}
  {\hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmarkNormal}\space}
  {}{\fail}

% use non-suprescript style with lower baseline
% adapted from latex.ltx, line 6383:
\def\@makefnmarkNormal{\lower .3ex \hbox{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}

% make footnote rule shorter
\xpatchcmd\footnoterule
  {.4\columnwidth}
  {1in}
  {}{\fail}
\makeatother

\makeatletter
\def\thempfootnote{\textcircled{\@arabic\c@mpfootnote}}
\let\c@footnote\c@mpfootnote
\makeatother
\begin{example}{One of Chinese footnote styles}
  一二三\footnote{text}
  
  \addtocounter{footnote}{20}
  四五六\footnote{text}
  
  \addtocounter{footnote}{20}
  七八九\footnote{text}
\end{example}


\end{document}