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+ Examples of loose setting in horizontal writing mode: A) 1/4 em spacing; B) 1/3 em spacing; C) 1/2 em spacing; D) 1 em spacing疏排
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+ An example punctuation position for vertical writing mode in Mainland China中国大陆竖排标点位置示例。中國大陸直排標點位置範例。
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The symbol of death is not defined in the GB rules, but is a punctuation mark which is widely used by the commons. The symbol of death is a solid black border outside the character frame of a person's name to indicate the person is deceased. Its Western counterpart would be the dagger punctuation mark (U+2020 DAGGER [†] and U+2021 DOUBLE DAGGER [‡]).
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+ Example of Western alphas rotated 90 degrees clockwise.顺时针旋转90°的西文字母示例
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Mandarin Phonetic Symbols (國語注音符號) or Taiwanese Dialect Phonetic Symbols (台灣方音符號), hereinafter referred to as ‘Bopomofo’, are systems for phonetic annotation mainly used in Taiwan, although other areas may also include Bopomofo in certain dictionaries or textbooks. In most cases, Bopomofo appears on the right side of its corresponding base text. Exceptions are very rare.
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+ An example of positioning for Bopomofo (Zhuyin) in vertical and horizontal writing modes.注音符号在直、横排下的行间注排版示例。注音符號在直、橫排下的行間注排版示例。
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Due to the characteristics of the Latin alphabet, such annotations appear in horizontal writing mode only. Texts for children who are native speakers usually provide reading assistance for each individual character, while texts for those who are learning Chinese as a second language mainly indicate pronunciation for whole words, but occasionally, both of them are set almost the same. There is space between the base text when whole words are annotated, and the interlinear annotation characters will have unique requirements such as sentence case, or punctuation marks corresponding to base characters. The composition of early publications using pinyin was quite variable and not consistent. In general, both character-based and word-based annotations were quite common. No further description of the early pinyin will be found in this document.
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+ An example of positioning for Romanization.罗马拼音行间注的排版示例。羅馬拼音行間注的排版示例。
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Bilingual annotations aim to provide a Chinese translation of text in foreign languages or acronyms, or to offer the original text for words that have been translated into Chinese. This is mainly used for proper nouns, titles or those terms whose concepts are difficult to convey after translation. It is commonly found in translated works, mainly in light novels.
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+ An example of positioning for billingual annotations.中外文对照行间注的排版示例。中外文對照行間注的排版示例。
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Annotating with both Romanization and Bopomofo is a practical way to indicate the reading to readers who know only one of these systems, as well as helping study of or enquiries about the other one. Normally, when Romanization and Bopomofo are both provided, the Bopomofo symbols are placed on the right side of the Han character while Romanization is set at the bottom of the Han character in horizontal writing mode and to the left side in vertical writing mode.
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+ An example of positioning for both Romanization and Bopomofo拼注音共同标注排版示例。拼注音共同標注排版示例。
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注音符號的比例與大小
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+ The ratios of base characters and their Bopomofo annotations.注音符号行间注下，基字与注文的比例。注音符號行間注下，基字與注文的比例。
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Mandarin non-neutral tones and dialectal non-checked tones, are placed outside the upper right corner of the last phonetic symbol. In vertical Bopomofo, half the space taken by a tone mark will be above the top of the adjacent phonetic character; in horizontal Bopomofo, half the space taken by a tone mark will appear to the right of the phonetic character. As seen in [[[#zhuyin-regular-tone]]].
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+ The positioning for Bopomofo in Mandarin non-neutral tones and dialectal non-checked tones.各种注音符号组合及其调号（平上去声）的排版。各種注音符號組合及其調號（平上去聲）的排版。
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The dialectal checked tones are set outside the lower right corner of the phonetic symbols. As seen in [[[#zhuyin-checked-tone]]].
入声调号标注在字音整体外侧右下方，如[[[#zhuyin-checked-tone]]]所示。
入聲調號標注於字音整體外側右下方，如[[[#zhuyin-checked-tone]]]所示。
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+ The positioning for Bopomofo in dialectal checked tones.各种注音符号组合及其调号（入声）的排版。各種注音符號組合及其調號（入聲）的排版。
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The Mandarin neutral tone comes before the phonetic symbols. In vertical Bopomofo, the height of the tone mark is 10% of that of its base character, while its width is the same as that of the phonetic characters. In horizontal Bopomofo, the width of the tone mark is 10% of that of its base characters, while its height is the same as that of the phonetic characters. As seen in [[[#zhuyin-neutral-tone]]].
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+ The positioning for Bopomofo in Mandarin neutral tones.各种注音符号组合及其调号（轻声）的排版。各種注音符號組合及其調號（輕聲）的排版。
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+ Examples of annotations with a single Bopomofo phonetic symbol and how they cooperate with different kinds of tones.单个注音符号构成的拼式及其搭配各种声调的示例。
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+ Examples of annotations with two Bopomofo phonetic symbols and how they cooperate with different kinds of tones.两个注音符号构成的拼式及其搭配各种声调的示例。
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+ Examples of annotations with three Bopomofo phonetic symbols and how they cooperate with different kinds of tones.三个注音符号构成的拼式及其搭配各种声调的示例。
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+ An example of words as the basic units for annotating pronunciation.分词连写标音的排版示例。分詞連寫標音的排版示例。
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Erhuayin, also known as rhotacization of syllable finals, is a special phonetic phenomenon in Modern Standard Chinese (Mandarin). Due to the limitations of annotating single Han characters, the Bopomofo annotations fail to indicate the continuity of Erhuayin and the change of the final sound, while Romanization shows the features of Erhuayin effectively.
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