[MSVC] Taichi failed with error G030630B7: static assertion failed: Unexpected size

[NEIL-smtg]

Describe the bug
We've been using MSVC to build Taichi, and we've recently encountered the following error:

error G030630B7: static_assert failed "Unexpected size"
static_assert(false, "Unexpected size");
^             ~~~~~

Our developer has suggested the compiler that was used needs to implement the Defect Report https://cplusplus.github.io/CWG/issues/2518.html (which has been implemented by MSVC and Clang).

To Reproduce:

1. Open "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022"
2. git clone https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi.git
3. cd /d C:\gitP\taichi-dev\taichi\bin
4. copy "C:\gitP\taichi-dev\taichi\bin\clang\bin\clang++.exe" "C:\gitP\taichi-dev\taichi\bin\clang\bin\clang.exe"
5. python -m pip install --upgrade pip
6. set PATH=%APPDATA%\Python\Python311\Scripts;C:\gitP\taichi-dev\taichi\bin\llvm\bin;C:\gitP\taichi-dev\taichi\bin\clang\bin;%PATH%
7. pip3 install --user gitpython
8. pip3 install --user pybind11
9. set VSCMD_SKIP_SENDTELEMETRY=1 & "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -host_arch=amd64 -arch=amd64
10. cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION=10.0.22621.0 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:\gitP\Microsoft\vcpkg\scripts\buildsystems\vcpkg.cmake -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows -DTI_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=TRUE -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=C:\Python311\python.exe .. 2>&1
11. msbuild /m /p:Platform=x64 /p:Configuration=Release taichi.sln /t:Rebuild 2>&1

Expected result:
Build successfully.

Log/Screenshots
Build (1).log (search error G030630B7)

Operating system
Windows server 2022 data center

[StephanTLavavej]

Note that this involves microsoft/STL#4591 , a very recent change to MSVC's STL. To reproduce this, you'll either need to build and consume our open-source STL, or wait for VS 2022 17.11 Preview 2 to ship which will contain this change.

[bobcao3]

It seems like fmtlib is also involved in that log. We are fixing some of these issues rn as we try to bump our dependencies, and static analysis (and static_assert) has been producing a lot of errors we didn't noticed before