diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a69919e1..813edb28 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -65,9 +65,8 @@ distclean:
 lib: $(LIB_PATH)
 
 $(LIB_PATH): $(LIB_OBJS)
-	@printf "\r\e[2K%s\n" "$(AR_RCS) $@"
+	@printf "\r\e[2K%s" "$(AR_RCS) $@"
 	@$(AR_RCS) $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
-#	@echo ""
 
 $(OBJ_DIR)/%.o: %.c
 	@$(MKDIR_P) $(@D)
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ $(OBJ_DIR)/%$(DOTEXE): %.c $(LIB_PATH)
 	@$(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) -s $< $(LDFLAGS) -L$(BUILDDIR) -l$(LIB_NAME)
 
 $(TEST_EXE): $(TEST_OBJS)
-	@printf "\r\e[2K%s" "$(CC) -o $@ $(notdir $(TEST_OBJS))"
+	@printf "\r\e[2K%s" "$(CC) -o $@"
 	@$(CC) -o $@ $(TEST_OBJS) -s $(LDFLAGS) -L$(BUILDDIR) -l$(LIB_NAME)
 
 
diff --git a/include/stc/common.h b/include/stc/common.h
index 290a6ec9..2b5d391f 100644
--- a/include/stc/common.h
+++ b/include/stc/common.h
@@ -237,11 +237,19 @@ typedef const char* cstr_raw;
 
 // General functions
 
-// substring in substring?
-char* c_strnstrn(const char *str, isize slen, const char *needle, isize nlen);
-
-// hashing
-size_t c_basehash_n(const void* key, isize len);
+STC_INLINE size_t c_basehash_n(const void* key, isize len) {
+    size_t block = 0, hash = 0x811c9dc5;
+    const uint8_t* msg = (const uint8_t*)key;
+    while (len >= c_sizeof(size_t)) {
+        memcpy(&block, msg, sizeof(size_t));
+        hash = (hash ^ block) * (size_t)0x89bb179901000193;
+        msg += c_sizeof(size_t);
+        len -= c_sizeof(size_t);
+    }
+    c_memcpy(&block, msg, len);
+    hash = (hash ^ block) * (size_t)0xb0340f4501000193;
+    return hash ^ (hash >> 3);
+}
 
 STC_INLINE size_t c_hash_n(const void* key, isize len) {
     uint64_t b8; uint32_t b4;
@@ -255,12 +263,13 @@ STC_INLINE size_t c_hash_n(const void* key, isize len) {
 STC_INLINE size_t c_hash_str(const char *str)
     { return c_basehash_n(str, c_strlen(str)); }
 
+#define c_hash_mix(...) /* non-commutative hash combine! */ \
+    _chash_mix(c_make_array(size_t, {__VA_ARGS__}), c_NUMARGS(__VA_ARGS__))
+
 STC_INLINE size_t _chash_mix(size_t h[], int n) {
     for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) h[0] += h[0] ^ h[i];
     return h[0];
 }
-#define c_hash_mix(...) /* non-commutative hash combine! */ \
-    _chash_mix(c_make_array(size_t, {__VA_ARGS__}), c_NUMARGS(__VA_ARGS__))
 
 // generic typesafe swap
 #define c_swap(xp, yp) do { \
@@ -283,12 +292,8 @@ STC_INLINE isize c_next_pow2(isize n) {
     #endif
     return n + 1;
 }
-#endif // STC_COMMON_H_INCLUDED
-
-#if !defined STC_COMMON_C_INCLUDED && defined STC_IMPLEMENT
-#define STC_COMMON_C_INCLUDED
 
-char* c_strnstrn(const char *str, isize slen, const char *needle, isize nlen) {
+STC_INLINE char* c_strnstrn(const char *str, isize slen, const char *needle, isize nlen) {
     if (nlen == 0) return (char *)str;
     if (nlen > slen) return NULL;
     slen -= nlen;
@@ -299,18 +304,4 @@ char* c_strnstrn(const char *str, isize slen, const char *needle, isize nlen) {
     } while (slen--);
     return NULL;
 }
-
-size_t c_basehash_n(const void* key, isize len) {
-    size_t block = 0, hash = 0x811c9dc5;
-    const uint8_t* msg = (const uint8_t*)key;
-    while (len >= c_sizeof(size_t)) {
-        memcpy(&block, msg, sizeof(size_t));
-        hash = (hash ^ block) * (size_t)0x89bb179901000193;
-        msg += c_sizeof(size_t);
-        len -= c_sizeof(size_t);
-    }
-    c_memcpy(&block, msg, len);
-    hash = (hash ^ block) * (size_t)0xb0340f4501000193;
-    return hash ^ (hash >> 3);
-}
-#endif // STC_COMMON_C_INCLUDED
+#endif // STC_COMMON_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/include/stc/cspan.h b/include/stc/cspan.h
index 7a945041..5ad40145 100644
--- a/include/stc/cspan.h
+++ b/include/stc/cspan.h
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ STC_API _istride* _cspan_shape2stride(cspan_layout layout, _istride shape[], int
 #endif // STC_CSPAN_H_INCLUDED
 
 /* --------------------- IMPLEMENTATION --------------------- */
-#if defined i_implement  || defined i_static
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF void _cspan_print_assist(_istride pos[], const _istride shape[], const int rank,
                                  char result[2][16], const char* brackets) {
diff --git a/include/stc/cstr.h b/include/stc/cstr.h
index a35c3dcc..f61d0364 100644
--- a/include/stc/cstr.h
+++ b/include/stc/cstr.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 #endif // STC_CSTR_H_INCLUDED
 
-#if defined i_implement || defined STC_IMPLEMENT || \
+#if defined i_implement || \
     defined STC_CSTR_CORE || \
     defined STC_CSTR_IO || \
     defined STC_CSTR_UTF8
diff --git a/include/stc/deque.h b/include/stc/deque.h
index 24516a69..6f8c4e79 100644
--- a/include/stc/deque.h
+++ b/include/stc/deque.h
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ _c_MEMB(_find)(const Self* self, _m_raw raw) {
 #endif // _i_has_cmp
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF _m_value*
 _c_MEMB(_push_front)(Self* self, _m_value value) {
diff --git a/include/stc/hmap.h b/include/stc/hmap.h
index 4f1bb37d..7e59dd12 100644
--- a/include/stc/hmap.h
+++ b/include/stc/hmap.h
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ _c_MEMB(_eq)(const Self* self, const Self* other) {
 }
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF _m_iter _c_MEMB(_begin)(const Self* self) {
     _m_iter it = {self->table, self->table, self->meta};
diff --git a/include/stc/list.h b/include/stc/list.h
index 5e49cbb9..4074f7c2 100644
--- a/include/stc/list.h
+++ b/include/stc/list.h
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ STC_INLINE bool _c_MEMB(_eq)(const Self* self, const Self* other) {
 #endif
 
 // -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION -------------------------
-#if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
+#if defined i_implement
 
 #if !defined i_no_clone
 STC_DEF Self
diff --git a/include/stc/pqueue.h b/include/stc/pqueue.h
index 72948d76..e66916fa 100644
--- a/include/stc/pqueue.h
+++ b/include/stc/pqueue.h
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ STC_INLINE void _c_MEMB(_emplace)(Self* self, _m_raw raw)
 #endif // !i_no_emplace
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF void
 _c_MEMB(_sift_down_)(Self* self, const isize idx, const isize n) {
diff --git a/include/stc/priv/linkage.h b/include/stc/priv/linkage.h
index 09f2ce36..c1b8def0 100644
--- a/include/stc/priv/linkage.h
+++ b/include/stc/priv/linkage.h
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
 #undef STC_API
 #undef STC_DEF
 
-#if !defined i_static  && !defined STC_STATIC  && (defined i_header || defined STC_HEADER  || \
-                                                   defined i_implement || defined STC_IMPLEMENT)
+#if !defined i_static && !defined STC_STATIC  && (defined i_header || defined STC_HEADER  || \
+                                                  defined i_implement || defined STC_IMPLEMENT)
   #define STC_API extern
   #define STC_DEF
 #else
-  #define i_static
+  #define i_implement
   #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
     #define STC_API static __attribute__((unused))
   #else
diff --git a/include/stc/priv/queue_prv.h b/include/stc/priv/queue_prv.h
index 15c98de6..ee84724c 100644
--- a/include/stc/priv/queue_prv.h
+++ b/include/stc/priv/queue_prv.h
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ STC_INLINE void _c_MEMB(_adjust_end_)(Self* self, isize n)
     { self->end = (self->end + n) & self->capmask; }
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_implement || defined i_static
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF _m_iter _c_MEMB(_advance)(_m_iter it, isize n) {
     isize len = _c_MEMB(_size)(it._s);
diff --git a/include/stc/priv/sort_prv.h b/include/stc/priv/sort_prv.h
index 2a237a02..1301eb23 100644
--- a/include/stc/priv/sort_prv.h
+++ b/include/stc/priv/sort_prv.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ _c_MEMB(_binary_search)(const Self* self, const _m_raw raw)
 #endif
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_implement || defined i_static
+#if defined i_implement
 
 static void _c_MEMB(_insertsort_lowhigh)(Self* self, isize lo, isize hi) {
     for (isize j = lo, i = lo + 1; i <= hi; j = i, ++i) {
diff --git a/include/stc/random.h b/include/stc/random.h
index 5b5423c2..ca6c3bdc 100644
--- a/include/stc/random.h
+++ b/include/stc/random.h
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ STC_INLINE int64_t crand32_uniform(crand32_uniform_dist* d)
 #endif // STC_RANDOM_H_INCLUDED
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_implement || defined i_static
+#if defined i_implement
 
 #ifndef STC_RANDOM_C_INCLUDED
 #define STC_RANDOM_C_INCLUDED
diff --git a/include/stc/smap.h b/include/stc/smap.h
index f66cb04f..6bbe623b 100644
--- a/include/stc/smap.h
+++ b/include/stc/smap.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ STC_INLINE Self _c_MEMB(_with_n)(const _m_raw* raw, isize n)
     { Self cx = {0}; _c_MEMB(_put_n)(&cx, raw, n); return cx; }
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF void
 _c_MEMB(_next)(_m_iter *it) {
diff --git a/include/stc/vec.h b/include/stc/vec.h
index 65293218..c046a17f 100644
--- a/include/stc/vec.h
+++ b/include/stc/vec.h
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ STC_INLINE bool _c_MEMB(_eq)(const Self* self, const Self* other) {
 #endif // _i_has_cmp
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_implement || defined i_static
+#if defined i_implement
 
 STC_DEF void
 _c_MEMB(_clear)(Self* self) {