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实验三、Prometheus+Alertmanager告警实验

实验步骤

1. 先决条件

  • 运行Prometheus HTTP Metrics Simulator
  • 运行Prometheus服务器

注意启用--web.enable-lifecycle，让Prometheus支持通过web端点动态更新配置

2. HttpSimulatorDown告警

在Prometheus目录下:

添加simulator_alert_rules.yml告警配置文件

groups:
- name: simulator-alert-rule
  rules:
  - alert: HttpSimulatorDown
    expr: sum(up{job="http-simulator"}) == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical

修改prometheus.yml，引用simulator_alert_rules.yml文件

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "simulator_alert_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

通过Postman动态更新Prometheus配置

curl -X POST http://PROMETHEUS_URL:9090/-/reload

通过Prometheus->Status的Configuration和Rules确认配置和告警设置生效

关闭Prometheus HTTP Metrics Simulator应用，通过Prometheus->Alert界面上查看告警触发情况

3. ErrorRateHigh告警

假设已经执行上面的步骤2，则重新运行Prometheus HTTP Metrics Simulator

在simulator_alert_rules.yml文件中增加告警配置

  - alert: ErrorRateHigh
    expr: sum(rate(http_requests_total{job="http-simulator", status="500"}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total{job="http-simulator"}[5m])) > 0.02
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: major
    annotations:
      summary: "High Error Rate detected"
      description: "Error Rate is above 2% (current value is: {{ $value }}"

通过Postman动态更新Prometheus配置

curl -X POST http://PROMETHEUS_URL:9090/-/reload

通过Prometheus->Status的Configuration和Rules确认配置和告警设置生效

通过Postman调高HTTP Simulator的错误率到10%

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/error_rate/10

通过Prometheus->Graph界面校验错误率上升

通过Prometheus->Alert界面校验查看触发情况

4. 安装和配置Alertmanager

下载Alertmanager 0.15.2 for Windows，并解压到本地目录。

在Alertmanager目录下修改alertmanager.yml文件：

global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
  smtp_from: '[email protected]'
  smtp_auth_username: '[email protected]'
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxx'

route:
  group_interval: 1m
  repeat_interval: 1m
  receiver: 'mail-receiver'
receivers:
- name: 'mail-receiver'
  email_configs:
    - to: '[email protected]'

启动Alertmanager

./alertmanager.exe

在Prometheus目录下，修改prometheus.yml配置Alertmanager地址

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - localhost:9093

通过Postman动态更新Prometheus配置

curl -X POST http://PROMETHEUS_URL:9090/-/reload

通过Prometheus->Status的Configuration和Rules确认配置和告警设置生效

通过Alertmanager UI界面和设置的邮箱，校验ErrorRateHigh告警触发

Alertmanager UI访问地址：

http://localhost:9093