diff --git a/ChangeLog-10.1.md b/ChangeLog-10.1.md
index 1ee33f1db..1d82641cc 100644
--- a/ChangeLog-10.1.md
+++ b/ChangeLog-10.1.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ All notable changes are documented in this file using the [Keep a CHANGELOG](htt
 ### Fixed
 
 * Static analysis cache keys do not include configuration settings that affect source code parsing
+* The Clover, Cobertura, Crap4j, and PHP report writers no longer create a `php:` directory when they should write to `php://stdout`, for instance
 
 ## [10.1.2] - 2023-05-22
 
diff --git a/src/Report/Clover.php b/src/Report/Clover.php
index 7f9084d71..f7b75aac0 100644
--- a/src/Report/Clover.php
+++ b/src/Report/Clover.php
@@ -243,7 +243,9 @@ public function process(CodeCoverage $coverage, ?string $target = null, ?string
         $buffer = $xmlDocument->saveXML();
 
         if ($target !== null) {
-            Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            if (!strpos($target, '://') !== false) {
+                Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            }
 
             if (@file_put_contents($target, $buffer) === false) {
                 throw new WriteOperationFailedException($target);
diff --git a/src/Report/Cobertura.php b/src/Report/Cobertura.php
index 4ae44b65b..807735cdb 100644
--- a/src/Report/Cobertura.php
+++ b/src/Report/Cobertura.php
@@ -294,7 +294,9 @@ public function process(CodeCoverage $coverage, ?string $target = null): string
         $buffer = $document->saveXML();
 
         if ($target !== null) {
-            Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            if (!strpos($target, '://') !== false) {
+                Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            }
 
             if (@file_put_contents($target, $buffer) === false) {
                 throw new WriteOperationFailedException($target);
diff --git a/src/Report/Crap4j.php b/src/Report/Crap4j.php
index 59a8f712e..2416b6dca 100644
--- a/src/Report/Crap4j.php
+++ b/src/Report/Crap4j.php
@@ -121,7 +121,9 @@ public function process(CodeCoverage $coverage, ?string $target = null, ?string
         $buffer = $document->saveXML();
 
         if ($target !== null) {
-            Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            if (!strpos($target, '://') !== false) {
+                Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            }
 
             if (@file_put_contents($target, $buffer) === false) {
                 throw new WriteOperationFailedException($target);
diff --git a/src/Report/PHP.php b/src/Report/PHP.php
index ccb104ce5..3ec388536 100644
--- a/src/Report/PHP.php
+++ b/src/Report/PHP.php
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ public function process(CodeCoverage $coverage, ?string $target = null): string
 return \unserialize(<<<'END_OF_COVERAGE_SERIALIZATION'" . PHP_EOL . serialize($coverage) . PHP_EOL . 'END_OF_COVERAGE_SERIALIZATION' . PHP_EOL . ');';
 
         if ($target !== null) {
-            Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            if (!strpos($target, '://') !== false) {
+                Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($target));
+            }
 
             if (@file_put_contents($target, $buffer) === false) {
                 throw new WriteOperationFailedException($target);