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<p>Here we focus on the pronunciation and orthography of the Eastern variant of Armenian, which is used in Armenia, even though the majority of Armenian speakers use the Western orthography of the diaspora.</p>
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<p>Armenian text runs left-to-right in horizontal lines.</p>
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<p>Words are separated by spaces.</p>
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<p>Armenian text runs left-to-right in horizontal lines. Words are separated by spaces.</p>
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<p>The script is <aclass="seclink" href="#transforms">bicameral</a>. The shapes of the upper and lowercase forms can differ significantly.</p>
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@@ -652,7 +650,7 @@ <h2>Vowels</h2>
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<sectionid="basicV">
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<h4>Vowel summary table</h4>
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<h3>Vowel summary table</h3>
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<p>The following table summarises the main vowel to character assigments.</p>
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<pclass="instructions">For additional details see <aclass="secref">vowel_mappings</a>.</p>
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<p>Below is the full set of characters needed to represent the vowels of the Armenian language.</p>
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<figureclass="characterBox auto small" data-cols="trans">ա␣ե␣է␣ը␣ի␣ո␣ւ␣օ␣և</figure>
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<figureclass="characterBox auto small" data-cols="trans">Ա␣Ե␣Է␣Ը␣Ի␣Ո␣Ւ␣Օ</figure>
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</section>
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@@ -793,11 +782,26 @@ <h3>Standalone vowels</h3>
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<h3>Vowel sounds to characters</h3>
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<p>This section maps Armenian vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Armenian orthography. </p>
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<pclass="instructions"><strong>Lowercase graphemes are shown to the left, and uppercase on the right.</strong></p>
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<divclass="mapKey">
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<div>
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<p>This section maps Armenian vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Armenian orthography. <!--Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, etc.--></p>
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<pclass="instructions highlight">Lowercase graphemes are shown to the left, and uppercase on the right.</p>
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</div>
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<aside>
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<divclass="mapIntro">
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the Unicode name <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓒ</bdi> for more details about the character(s) and to show examples of use.</p>
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the IPA <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓐ</bdi> or the character <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓑ</bdi> to find other places in this document where the phone/character is mentioned.</p>
<pclass="instructions">Click on a grapheme to find other mentions on this page (links appear at the bottom of the page). Click on the character name to see examples and for detailed descriptions of the character(s) shown.</p>
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<style>
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<sectionid="plain_vowel_map">
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<h4>Plain vowels</h4>
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<divclass="mapHeading">
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<divclass="mapItem">
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<divclass="phone"> </div>
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<divclass="posn"> </div>
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<divclass="lc">Lowercase</div>
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<divclass="uc">Uppercase</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<divid="mapv_high" class="map">
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<divclass="mapItem">
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<sectionid="consonantSummary">
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<h4>Consonant summary table</h4>
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<h3>Consonant summary table</h3>
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<p>The following table summarises the main consonant to character assigments.</p>
<p>This section maps Armenian consonant sounds to common graphemes in the Armenian orthography. <!--Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, etc.--></p>
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<pclass="instructions"><strong>The left-hand column shows lowercase, and the right column uppercase.</strong></p>
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<pclass="instructions highlight">The left column shows lowercase letters, and the right column uppercase.</p>
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</div>
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<aside>
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<divclass="mapIntro">
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the Unicode name <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓒ</bdi> for more details about the character(s) and to show examples of use.</p>
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the IPA <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓐ</bdi> or the character <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓑ</bdi> to find other places in this document where the phone/character is mentioned.</p>
<pclass="instructions"> Click on a grapheme to find other mentions on this page (links appear at the bottom of the page). Click on the character name to see examples and for detailed descriptions of the character(s) shown.</p>
<p>The following table summarises the main vowel to character assigments.</p>
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ <h4>Vowel signs</h4>
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<!--
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<section id="novowel">
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<h3>Vowel absence</h3>
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<p>To create this effect, add <span class="hx img">200C</span> or <span class="hx img">200B</span> immediately after the <span class="name">adeg adeg</span>. <span class="instructions">(Click on the Mr Raman example above to see the sequence of code points used.)</span></p>
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</section>
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-->
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<sectionid="vowel_mappings">
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<h3>Vowel sounds to characters</h3>
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<pclass="instructions">This section maps Balinese vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Balinese orthography. Click on a grapheme to find other mentions on this page (links appear at the bottom of the page). Click on the character name to see examples and for detailed descriptions of the character(s) shown.</p>
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<divclass="mapKey">
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<div>
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<p>This section maps Balinese vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Balinese orthography. Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, etc.</p>
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<pclass="instructions highlight"><strong>Dependent vowels are shown to the left, and independent vowels are shown on the right.</strong> Independent vowels are usually only used in word-initial position. Word-internal standalone vowels (and word-initial in the case of <spanclass="ipa">ə</span> and <spanclass="ipa">əː</span>) use the vowel sign over a silent <spanclass="hx">1B33</span>. Those combinations are not shown here. Vowel signs that decompose are shown only in precomposed form.</p>
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</div>
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<pclass="instructions"><strong>Dependent vowels are shown to the left, and independent vowels are shown on the right.</strong> Independent vowels are usually only used in word-initial position. Word-internal standalone vowels (and word-initial in the case of <spanclass="ipa">ə</span> and <spanclass="ipa">əː</span>) use the vowel sign over a silent <spanclass="hx">1B33</span>. Those combinations are not shown here. Vowel signs that decompose are shown only in precomposed form.</p>
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<aside>
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<divclass="mapIntro">
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the Unicode name <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓒ</bdi> for more details about the character(s) and to show examples of use.</p>
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the IPA <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓐ</bdi> or the character <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓑ</bdi> to find other places in this document where the phone/character is mentioned.</p>
<pclass="instructions">Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, Sanskrit, etc.</p>
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<sectionid="consonantSummary">
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<h4>Consonant summary table</h4>
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<h3>Consonant summary table</h3>
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<p>The following table summarises the main consonant to character assigments.</p>
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<p><spanclass="eg" lang="ban">ᬓᬵᬤᭂᬧ᭄</span></p>
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<p><spanclass="eg" lang="ban">ᬓᬧᬮ᭄</span></p>
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<p>If the consonant is followed by another consonant, either in the middle or at the end of a word, the <spanclass="name">adeg adeg</span> code point remains, but becomes invisible as the consonant shapes combine vertically or horizontally.</p>
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<p>If the consonant is followed by another consonant, either in the middle or at the end of a word, the <spanclass="name">adeg adeg</span> code point remains, but becomes invisible as the consonant shapes combine vertically or horizontally (see <aclass="secref">clusters</a>).</p>
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@@ -1780,6 +1793,9 @@ <h4>Conjunct formation</h4>
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<p>Stacked and conjoined consonant clusters are referred to as conjuncts.</p>
<pclass="info">In Unicode, the stacking and conjoining behaviour is achieved by adding <spanclass="hx">1B44</span> between the consonants. The font hides the glyph automatically when a conjunct is formed.</p>
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<p>In some cases, however, the <spanclass="name">adeg adeg</span> remains visible (see <aclass="secref">adegadeg</a>).</p>
@@ -1911,11 +1927,24 @@ <h4>Dedicated final marks</h4>
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<sectionid="consonant_mappings">
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<h3>Consonant sounds to characters</h3>
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<p>This section maps Balinese consonant sounds to common graphemes in the Balinese orthography. </p>
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<divclass="mapKey">
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<div>
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<p>This section maps Fula vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Adlam orthography. <!--Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, etc.--></p>
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<pclass="instructions highlight">The left column contains native Balinese letters. The right column contains letters borrowed from Sanskrit or Kawi, or extended with rerekan.</p>
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</div>
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<aside>
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<divclass="mapIntro">
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the Unicode name <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓒ</bdi> for more details about the character(s) and to show examples of use.</p>
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<pclass="instructions">Click on the IPA <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓐ</bdi> or the character <bdiclass="mapIntroRef">ⓑ</bdi> to find other places in this document where the phone/character is mentioned.</p>
<pclass="instructions">Click on a grapheme to find other mentions on this page (links appear at the bottom of the page). Click on the character name to see examples and for detailed descriptions of the character(s) shown. Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, Sanskrit, etc.</p>
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