diff --git a/plotly/shapeannotation.py b/plotly/shapeannotation.py
index a2323ed02d4..41173054a11 100644
--- a/plotly/shapeannotation.py
+++ b/plotly/shapeannotation.py
@@ -1,10 +1,52 @@
 # some functions defined here to avoid numpy import
 
+import datetime
+
+
+def _is_date_string(val):
+    """Check if a value is a date/datetime string."""
+    if not isinstance(val, str):
+        return False
+    try:
+        datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(val.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+        return True
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+        return False
+
+
+def _datetime_str_to_ms(val):
+    """Convert a datetime string to milliseconds since epoch."""
+    dt = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(val.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    return dt.timestamp() * 1000
+
+
+def _ms_to_datetime_str(ms):
+    """Convert milliseconds since epoch back to a datetime string."""
+    dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(ms / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    return dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+
 
 def _mean(x):
     if len(x) == 0:
         raise ValueError("x must have positive length")
-    return float(sum(x)) / len(x)
+    try:
+        return float(sum(x)) / len(x)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Handle non-numeric types like datetime strings or datetime objects
+        if all(_is_date_string(v) for v in x):
+            ms_values = [_datetime_str_to_ms(v) for v in x]
+            mean_ms = sum(ms_values) / len(ms_values)
+            return _ms_to_datetime_str(mean_ms)
+        # Handle datetime.datetime, pd.Timestamp, or similar objects
+        if all(hasattr(v, "timestamp") for v in x):
+            ts_values = [v.timestamp() * 1000 for v in x]
+            mean_ms = sum(ts_values) / len(ts_values)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                mean_ms / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ).isoformat()
+        raise
 
 
 def _argmin(x):
diff --git a/tests/test_optional/test_autoshapes/test_annotated_shapes.py b/tests/test_optional/test_autoshapes/test_annotated_shapes.py
index a008e3bda12..14f7b31792a 100644
--- a/tests/test_optional/test_autoshapes/test_annotated_shapes.py
+++ b/tests/test_optional/test_autoshapes/test_annotated_shapes.py
@@ -425,5 +425,84 @@ def test_all_annotation_positions():
     draw_all_annotation_positions(testing=True)
 
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     draw_all_annotation_positions()
+
+
+# Tests for datetime axis annotation support (issue #3065)
+import datetime
+
+
+def test_vline_datetime_string_annotation():
+    """add_vline with annotation_text on datetime x-axis should not crash."""
+    fig = go.Figure()
+    fig.add_trace(
+        go.Scatter(x=["2018-01-01", "2018-06-01", "2018-12-31"], y=[1, 2, 3])
+    )
+    fig.add_vline(x="2018-09-24", annotation_text="test")
+    assert len(fig.layout.annotations) == 1
+    assert fig.layout.annotations[0].text == "test"
+
+
+def test_hline_with_datetime_vline():
+    """add_hline should still work alongside datetime vline usage."""
+    fig = go.Figure()
+    fig.add_trace(
+        go.Scatter(x=["2018-01-01", "2018-06-01", "2018-12-31"], y=[1, 2, 3])
+    )
+    fig.add_hline(y=2, annotation_text="hline test")
+    assert len(fig.layout.annotations) == 1
+    assert fig.layout.annotations[0].text == "hline test"
+
+
+def test_vrect_datetime_string_annotation():
+    """add_vrect with annotation_text on datetime x-axis should not crash."""
+    fig = go.Figure()
+    fig.add_trace(
+        go.Scatter(x=["2018-01-01", "2018-06-01", "2018-12-31"], y=[1, 2, 3])
+    )
+    fig.add_vrect(x0="2018-03-01", x1="2018-09-01", annotation_text="rect test")
+    assert len(fig.layout.annotations) == 1
+    assert fig.layout.annotations[0].text == "rect test"
+
+
+def test_vline_datetime_object_annotation():
+    """add_vline with datetime.datetime object should not crash."""
+    fig = go.Figure()
+    fig.add_trace(
+        go.Scatter(
+            x=[
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 1),
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 31),
+            ],
+            y=[1, 2, 3],
+        )
+    )
+    fig.add_vline(x=datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 24), annotation_text="dt test")
+    assert len(fig.layout.annotations) == 1
+    assert fig.layout.annotations[0].text == "dt test"
+
+
+def test_vrect_datetime_object_annotation():
+    """add_vrect with datetime.datetime objects should compute correct mean."""
+    fig = go.Figure()
+    fig.add_trace(
+        go.Scatter(
+            x=[
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 1),
+                datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 31),
+            ],
+            y=[1, 2, 3],
+        )
+    )
+    fig.add_vrect(
+        x0=datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 1),
+        x1=datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 1),
+        annotation_text="rect dt test",
+    )
+    assert len(fig.layout.annotations) == 1
+    assert fig.layout.annotations[0].text == "rect dt test"
+