result = new ArrayList<>();
+ for (String contactPoint : contactPoints.split(",", 100)) {
+ HostAndPort parsed = HostAndPort.fromString(contactPoint, 9042);
+ result.add(new InetSocketAddress(parsed.getHost(), parsed.getPort()));
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..38538a46d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+#
+
+zipkin.server.storage.cassandra.CassandraProvider
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/zipkin-schemas.cql b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/zipkin-schemas.cql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..508ced3c89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/zipkin-schemas.cql
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+CREATE KEYSPACE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin2
+ WITH replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': '1'}
+ AND durable_writes = false;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_span (
+ id text,
+ table_name text,
+ trace_id text,
+ span_id text,
+ parent_id text,
+ name text,
+ duration BIGINT,
+ kind text,
+ timestamp_millis BIGINT,
+ TIMESTAMP BIGINT,
+ local_endpoint_service_name text,
+ local_endpoint_ipv4 text,
+ local_endpoint_ipv6 text,
+ local_endpoint_port INT,
+ remote_endpoint_service_name text,
+ remote_endpoint_ipv4 text,
+ remote_endpoint_ipv6 text,
+ remote_endpoint_port INT,
+ annotations text,
+ tags text,
+ debug INT,
+ shared INT,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ uuid_unique text,
+ PRIMARY KEY(trace_id, uuid_unique)
+)
+ WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (uuid_unique DESC)
+ AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 604800
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Primary table for holding trace data';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_service_relation_traffic (
+ id text,
+ table_name text,
+ service_name text,
+ remote_service_name text,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ PRIMARY KEY(service_name, remote_service_name)
+)
+ WITH compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy', 'unchecked_tombstone_compaction': 'true', 'tombstone_threshold': '0.2'}
+ AND caching = {'rows_per_partition': 'ALL'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 259200
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up remote service names by a service name.';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_service_span_traffic (
+ id text,
+ table_name text,
+ service_name text,
+ span_name text,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ PRIMARY KEY(service_name, span_name)
+)
+ WITH compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy', 'unchecked_tombstone_compaction': 'true', 'tombstone_threshold': '0.2'}
+ AND caching = {'rows_per_partition': 'ALL'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 604800
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up span names by a service name.';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_service_traffic (
+ id text,
+ table_name text,
+ service_name text,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ PRIMARY KEY(service_name, time_bucket)
+)
+ WITH compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 604800
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up all services';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_query (
+ id text,
+ trace_id text,
+ query text,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ PRIMARY KEY(query, time_bucket, trace_id)
+)
+ WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (time_bucket DESC, trace_id DESC)
+ AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 604800
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up traces by annotation query';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tag_autocomplete (
+ id text,
+ table_name text,
+ tag_key text,
+ tag_value text,
+ tag_type text,
+ time_bucket BIGINT,
+ PRIMARY KEY(tag_key, time_bucket, tag_value)
+)
+ WITH compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy', 'unchecked_tombstone_compaction': 'true', 'tombstone_threshold': '0.2'}
+ AND caching = {'rows_per_partition': 'ALL'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 259200
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up span tag values for auto-complete purposes.';
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_trace_by_service_span (
+ service text, //-- service name
+ span text, //-- span name, or blank for queries without span name
+ bucket int, //-- time bucket, calculated as ts/interval (in microseconds), for some pre-configured interval like 1 day.
+ ts timeuuid, //-- start timestamp of the span, truncated to millisecond precision
+ trace_id text, //-- trace ID
+ duration bigint, //-- span duration, in milliseconds
+ PRIMARY KEY ((service, span, bucket), ts)
+)
+ WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (ts DESC)
+ AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 259200
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up a trace by a service, or service and span. span column may be blank (when only looking up by service). bucket column adds time bucketing to the partition key, values are microseconds rounded to a pre-configured interval (typically one day). ts column is start timestamp of the span as time-uuid, truncated to millisecond precision. duration column is span duration, rounded up to tens of milliseconds (or hundredths of seconds)';
+
+CREATE CUSTOM INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON zipkin_trace_by_service_span (duration) USING 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.SASIIndex'
+ WITH OPTIONS = {'mode': 'PREFIX'};
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_trace_by_service_remote_service (
+ service text, //-- service name
+ remote_service text, //-- remote servie name
+ bucket int, //-- time bucket, calculated as ts/interval (in microseconds), for some pre-configured interval like 1 day.
+ ts timeuuid, //-- start timestamp of the span, truncated to millisecond precision
+ trace_id text, //-- trace ID
+ PRIMARY KEY ((service, remote_service, bucket), ts)
+)
+ WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (ts DESC)
+ AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 259200
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND speculative_retry = '95percentile'
+ AND comment = 'Secondary table for looking up a trace by a remote service. bucket column adds time bucketing to the partition key, values are microseconds rounded to a pre-configured interval (typically one day). ts column is start timestamp of the span as time-uuid, truncated to millisecond precision.';
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependency (
+ analyze_day date,
+ parent text,
+ child text,
+ error_count bigint,
+ call_count bigint,
+ PRIMARY KEY (analyze_day, parent, child)
+)
+ WITH compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy', 'unchecked_tombstone_compaction': 'true', 'tombstone_threshold': '0.2'}
+ AND default_time_to_live = 259200
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 3600
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0
+ AND comment = 'Holder for each days generation of zipkin2.DependencyLink';
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ApplicationConfigLoader.java b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ApplicationConfigLoader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa536c3c099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ApplicationConfigLoader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2023 The OpenZipkin Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package zipkin.server.storage.cassandra;
+
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ApplicationConfiguration;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ProviderNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.ResourceUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize collector settings with following sources. Use application.yml as primary setting, and fix missing setting
+ * by default settings in application-default.yml.
+ *
+ * At last, override setting by system.properties and system.envs if the key matches moduleName.provideName.settingKey.
+ */
+public class ApplicationConfigLoader {
+ static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationConfigLoader.class.getName());
+
+ private static final String DISABLE_SELECTOR = "-";
+ private static final String SELECTOR = "selector";
+
+ private final Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
+
+ public ApplicationConfiguration load() {
+ ApplicationConfiguration configuration = new ApplicationConfiguration();
+ this.loadConfig(configuration);
+ this.overrideConfigBySystemEnv(configuration);
+ return configuration;
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+ private void loadConfig(ApplicationConfiguration configuration) {
+ try {
+ Reader applicationReader = ResourceUtils.read("application.yml");
+ Map> moduleConfig = yaml.loadAs(applicationReader, Map.class);
+ if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(moduleConfig)) {
+ selectConfig(moduleConfig);
+ moduleConfig.forEach((moduleName, providerConfig) -> {
+ if (providerConfig.size() > 0) {
+ log.info("Get a module define from application.yml, module name: {}", moduleName);
+ ApplicationConfiguration.ModuleConfiguration moduleConfiguration = configuration.addModule(
+ moduleName);
+ providerConfig.forEach((providerName, config) -> {
+ log.info(
+ "Get a provider define belong to {} module, provider name: {}", moduleName,
+ providerName
+ );
+ final Map propertiesConfig = (Map) config;
+ final Properties properties = new Properties();
+ if (propertiesConfig != null) {
+ propertiesConfig.forEach((propertyName, propertyValue) -> {
+ if (propertyValue instanceof Map) {
+ Properties subProperties = new Properties();
+ ((Map) propertyValue).forEach((key, value) -> {
+ subProperties.put(key, value);
+ replacePropertyAndLog(key, value, subProperties, providerName);
+ });
+ properties.put(propertyName, subProperties);
+ } else {
+ properties.put(propertyName, propertyValue);
+ replacePropertyAndLog(propertyName, propertyValue, properties, providerName);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ moduleConfiguration.addProviderConfiguration(providerName, properties);
+ });
+ } else {
+ log.warn(
+ "Get a module define from application.yml, but no provider define, use default, module name: {}",
+ moduleName
+ );
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+ throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void replacePropertyAndLog(final String propertyName, final Object propertyValue, final Properties target,
+ final Object providerName) {
+ final String valueString = PropertyPlaceholderHelper.INSTANCE
+ .replacePlaceholders(String.valueOf(propertyValue), target);
+ if (valueString.trim().length() == 0) {
+ target.replace(propertyName, valueString);
+ log.info("Provider={} config={} has been set as an empty string", providerName, propertyName);
+ } else {
+ // Use YAML to do data type conversion.
+ final Object replaceValue = convertValueString(valueString);
+ if (replaceValue != null) {
+ target.replace(propertyName, replaceValue);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ private Object convertValueString(String valueString) {
+ try {
+ Object replaceValue = yaml.load(valueString);
+ if (replaceValue instanceof String || replaceValue instanceof Integer || replaceValue instanceof Long || replaceValue instanceof Boolean || replaceValue instanceof ArrayList) {
+ return replaceValue;
+ } else {
+ return valueString;
+ }
+ } catch (Exception e) {
+ log.warn("yaml convert value type error, use origin values string. valueString={}", valueString, e);
+ return valueString;
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void overrideConfigBySystemEnv(ApplicationConfiguration configuration) {
+ for (Map.Entry prop : System.getProperties().entrySet()) {
+ overrideModuleSettings(configuration, prop.getKey().toString(), prop.getValue().toString());
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void selectConfig(final Map> moduleConfiguration) {
+ Iterator>> moduleIterator = moduleConfiguration.entrySet().iterator();
+ while (moduleIterator.hasNext()) {
+ Map.Entry> entry = moduleIterator.next();
+ final String moduleName = entry.getKey();
+ final Map providerConfig = entry.getValue();
+ if (!providerConfig.containsKey(SELECTOR)) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ final String selector = (String) providerConfig.get(SELECTOR);
+ final String resolvedSelector = PropertyPlaceholderHelper.INSTANCE.replacePlaceholders(
+ selector, System.getProperties()
+ );
+ providerConfig.entrySet().removeIf(e -> !resolvedSelector.equals(e.getKey()));
+
+ if (!providerConfig.isEmpty()) {
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (!DISABLE_SELECTOR.equals(resolvedSelector)) {
+ throw new ProviderNotFoundException(
+ "no provider found for module " + moduleName + ", " +
+ "if you're sure it's not required module and want to remove it, " +
+ "set the selector to -"
+ );
+ }
+
+ // now the module can be safely removed
+ moduleIterator.remove();
+ log.info("Remove module {} without any provider", moduleName);
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void overrideModuleSettings(ApplicationConfiguration configuration, String key, String value) {
+ int moduleAndConfigSeparator = key.indexOf('.');
+ if (moduleAndConfigSeparator <= 0) {
+ return;
+ }
+ String moduleName = key.substring(0, moduleAndConfigSeparator);
+ String providerSettingSubKey = key.substring(moduleAndConfigSeparator + 1);
+ ApplicationConfiguration.ModuleConfiguration moduleConfiguration = configuration.getModuleConfiguration(
+ moduleName);
+ if (moduleConfiguration == null) {
+ return;
+ }
+ int providerAndConfigSeparator = providerSettingSubKey.indexOf('.');
+ if (providerAndConfigSeparator <= 0) {
+ return;
+ }
+ String providerName = providerSettingSubKey.substring(0, providerAndConfigSeparator);
+ String settingKey = providerSettingSubKey.substring(providerAndConfigSeparator + 1);
+ if (!moduleConfiguration.has(providerName)) {
+ return;
+ }
+ Properties providerSettings = moduleConfiguration.getProviderConfiguration(providerName);
+ if (!providerSettings.containsKey(settingKey)) {
+ return;
+ }
+ Object originValue = providerSettings.get(settingKey);
+ Class type = originValue.getClass();
+ if (type.equals(int.class) || type.equals(Integer.class))
+ providerSettings.put(settingKey, Integer.valueOf(value));
+ else if (type.equals(String.class))
+ providerSettings.put(settingKey, value);
+ else if (type.equals(long.class) || type.equals(Long.class))
+ providerSettings.put(settingKey, Long.valueOf(value));
+ else if (type.equals(boolean.class) || type.equals(Boolean.class)) {
+ providerSettings.put(settingKey, Boolean.valueOf(value));
+ } else {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ log.info(
+ "The setting has been override by key: {}, value: {}, in {} provider of {} module through {}", settingKey,
+ value, providerName, moduleName, "System.properties"
+ );
+ }
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/CassandraExtension.java b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/CassandraExtension.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..137dffe87de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/CassandraExtension.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2023 The OpenZipkin Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package zipkin.server.storage.cassandra;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterAllCallback;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
+import org.opentest4j.TestAbortedException;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.BindMode;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.InternetProtocol;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.output.Slf4jLogConsumer;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.wait.strategy.Wait;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import static org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName.parse;
+
+public class CassandraExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback {
+ static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CassandraExtension.class);
+ static final int CASSANDRA_PORT = 9042;
+
+ final CassandraContainer container = new CassandraContainer();
+
+ @Override
+ public void afterAll(ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
+ container.stop();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
+ if (context.getRequiredTestClass().getEnclosingClass() != null) {
+ // Only run once in outermost scope.
+ return;
+ }
+
+ container.start();
+ LOGGER.info("Using bootstrapServer " + bootstrapServer());
+ }
+
+ String bootstrapServer() {
+ return container.getHost() + ":" + container.getMappedPort(CASSANDRA_PORT);
+ }
+
+ static final class CassandraContainer extends GenericContainer {
+ CassandraContainer() {
+ super(parse("cassandra:4.1.3"));
+ if ("true".equals(System.getProperty("docker.skip"))) {
+ throw new TestAbortedException("${docker.skip} == true");
+ }
+ waitStrategy = Wait.forSuccessfulCommand("cqlsh -e \"describe keyspaces\"").withStartupTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(5));
+ addFixedExposedPort(CASSANDRA_PORT, CASSANDRA_PORT, InternetProtocol.TCP);
+ addFileSystemBind("src/test/resources/cassandra.yaml", "/etc/cassandra/cassandra.yaml", BindMode.READ_WRITE);
+ withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(LOGGER));
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ITCassandraStorage.java b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ITCassandraStorage.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb66f3df247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/java/zipkin/server/storage/cassandra/ITCassandraStorage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2023 The OpenZipkin Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package zipkin.server.storage.cassandra;
+
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.analysis.manual.searchtag.TagType;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.query.enumeration.Step;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.query.input.Duration;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.StorageModule;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.ITagAutoCompleteQueryDAO;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IZipkinQueryDAO;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleConfigException;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleStartException;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.receiver.zipkin.ZipkinReceiverConfig;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.receiver.zipkin.trace.SpanForward;
+import org.joda.time.DateTime;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+import zipkin2.Span;
+import zipkin2.TestObjects;
+import zipkin2.storage.QueryRequest;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
+@Timeout(120)
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+public class ITCassandraStorage {
+ @RegisterExtension
+ CassandraExtension cassandra = new CassandraExtension();
+
+ private final ModuleManager moduleManager = new ModuleManager();
+ private SpanForward forward;
+ private ITagAutoCompleteQueryDAO tagAutoCompleteQueryDAO;
+ private IZipkinQueryDAO zipkinQueryDAO;
+ @BeforeAll
+ public void setup() throws ModuleNotFoundException, ModuleConfigException, ModuleStartException {
+ final ApplicationConfigLoader loader = new ApplicationConfigLoader();
+ moduleManager.init(loader.load());
+ final ZipkinReceiverConfig config = new ZipkinReceiverConfig();
+ config.setSearchableTracesTags("http.path");
+ this.forward = new SpanForward(config, moduleManager);
+ this.tagAutoCompleteQueryDAO = moduleManager.find(StorageModule.NAME).provider().getService(ITagAutoCompleteQueryDAO.class);
+ this.zipkinQueryDAO = moduleManager.find(StorageModule.NAME).provider().getService(IZipkinQueryDAO.class);
+ }
+
+ @Test
+ public void test() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+ final List traceSpans = TestObjects.newTrace("");
+ forward.send(traceSpans);
+ Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5));
+
+ // service names
+ final List serviceNames = zipkinQueryDAO.getServiceNames();
+ Assert.assertEquals(2, serviceNames.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(serviceNames.contains(TestObjects.FRONTEND.serviceName()));
+ Assert.assertTrue(serviceNames.contains(TestObjects.BACKEND.serviceName()));
+
+ // remote service names
+ final List remoteServiceNames = zipkinQueryDAO.getRemoteServiceNames(TestObjects.FRONTEND.serviceName());
+ Assert.assertEquals(1, remoteServiceNames.size());
+ Assert.assertEquals(TestObjects.BACKEND.serviceName(), remoteServiceNames.get(0));
+
+ // span names
+ final List spanNames = zipkinQueryDAO.getSpanNames(TestObjects.BACKEND.serviceName());
+ Assert.assertEquals(2, spanNames.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(spanNames.contains("query"));
+ Assert.assertTrue(spanNames.contains("get"));
+
+ // search traces
+ final QueryRequest query = QueryRequest.newBuilder()
+ .lookback(86400000L)
+ .endTs(System.currentTimeMillis())
+ .minDuration(1000L)
+ .annotationQuery(Collections.singletonMap("http.path", "/api"))
+ .limit(10).build();
+ Duration duration = new Duration();
+ duration.setStep(Step.SECOND);
+ DateTime endTime = new DateTime(query.endTs());
+ DateTime startTime = endTime.minus(org.joda.time.Duration.millis(query.lookback()));
+ duration.setStart(startTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd HHmmss"));
+ duration.setEnd(endTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd HHmmss"));
+ final List> traces = zipkinQueryDAO.getTraces(query, duration);
+ Assert.assertEquals(1, traces.size());
+ final List needsSpans = traceSpans.stream().filter(s -> s.duration() > 1000L).collect(Collectors.toList());
+ Assert.assertEquals(needsSpans.size(), traces.get(0).size());
+ for (Span needSpan : needsSpans) {
+ Assert.assertTrue(traces.get(0).stream().anyMatch(needSpan::equals));
+ }
+
+ // get trace
+ final List trace = zipkinQueryDAO.getTrace(traceSpans.get(0).traceId());
+ Assert.assertEquals(traceSpans.size(), trace.size());
+ for (Span span : traceSpans) {
+ Assert.assertTrue(trace.stream().anyMatch(span::equals));
+ }
+
+ final Set keys = tagAutoCompleteQueryDAO.queryTagAutocompleteKeys(TagType.ZIPKIN, 10, duration);
+ Assert.assertEquals(1, keys.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(keys.contains("http.path"));
+
+ final Set values = tagAutoCompleteQueryDAO.queryTagAutocompleteValues(TagType.ZIPKIN, "http.path", 10, duration);
+ Assert.assertEquals(1, values.size());
+ Assert.assertTrue(values.contains("/api"));
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/application.yml b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/application.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df0e4c489a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/application.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+core:
+ selector: zipkin
+ zipkin:
+ # The max length of service + instance names should be less than 200
+ serviceNameMaxLength: ${ZIPKIN_SERVICE_NAME_MAX_LENGTH:70}
+ # The period(in seconds) of refreshing the service cache. Default value is 10s.
+ serviceCacheRefreshInterval: ${ZIPKIN_SERVICE_CACHE_REFRESH_INTERVAL:10}
+ instanceNameMaxLength: ${ZIPKIN_INSTANCE_NAME_MAX_LENGTH:70}
+ # The max length of service + endpoint names should be less than 240
+ endpointNameMaxLength: ${ZIPKIN_ENDPOINT_NAME_MAX_LENGTH:150}
+ recordDataTTL: ${ZIPKIN_CORE_RECORD_DATA_TTL:3} # Unit is day
+ metricsDataTTL: ${ZIPKIN_CORE_METRICS_DATA_TTL:7} # Unit is day
+ # The period of L1 aggregation flush to L2 aggregation. Unit is ms.
+ l1FlushPeriod: ${ZIPKIN_CORE_L1_AGGREGATION_FLUSH_PERIOD:500}
+ # The threshold of session time. Unit is ms. Default value is 70s.
+ storageSessionTimeout: ${ZIPKIN_CORE_STORAGE_SESSION_TIMEOUT:70000}
+ # Defines a set of span tag keys which are searchable.
+ # The max length of key=value should be less than 256 or will be dropped.
+ searchableTracesTags: ${ZIPKIN_SEARCHABLE_TAG_KEYS:http.path}
+ # The trace sample rate precision is 1/10000, should be between 0 and 10000
+ traceSampleRate: ${ZIPKIN_SAMPLE_RATE:10000}
+ # The number of threads used to prepare metrics data to the storage.
+ prepareThreads: ${ZIPKIN_PREPARE_THREADS:2}
+ # The period of doing data persistence. Unit is second.Default value is 25s
+ persistentPeriod: ${ZIPKIN_PERSISTENT_PERIOD:1}
+ gRPCHost: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_HOST:0.0.0.0}
+ gRPCPort: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_PORT:11800}
+ gRPCThreadPoolQueueSize: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_POOL_QUEUE_SIZE:-1}
+ gRPCThreadPoolSize: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_THREAD_POOL_SIZE:-1}
+ gRPCSslEnabled: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_SSL_ENABLED:false}
+ gRPCSslKeyPath: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_SSL_KEY_PATH:""}
+ gRPCSslCertChainPath: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_SSL_CERT_CHAIN_PATH:""}
+ gRPCSslTrustedCAPath: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_SSL_TRUSTED_CA_PATH:""}
+ gRPCMaxConcurrentCallsPerConnection: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_MAX_CONCURRENT_CALL:0}
+ gRPCMaxMessageSize: ${ZIPKIN_GRPC_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE:0}
+ restHost: ${ZIPKIN_REST_HOST:0.0.0.0}
+ restPort: ${ZIPKIN_REST_PORT:9411}
+ restContextPath: ${ZIPKIN_REST_CONTEXT_PATH:/}
+ restMaxThreads: ${ZIPKIN_REST_MAX_THREADS:200}
+ restIdleTimeOut: ${ZIPKIN_REST_IDLE_TIMEOUT:30000}
+ restAcceptQueueSize: ${ZIPKIN_REST_QUEUE_SIZE:0}
+ restMaxRequestHeaderSize: ${ZIPKIN_REST_MAX_REQUEST_HEADER_SIZE:8192}
+
+storage:
+ selector: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE:cassandra}
+ cassandra:
+ keyspace: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_KEYSPACE:zipkin}
+ # Comma separated list of host addresses part of Cassandra cluster. Ports default to 9042 but you can also specify a custom port with 'host:port'.
+ contactPoints: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_CONTACT_POINTS:localhost}
+ # Name of the datacenter that will be considered "local" for load balancing.
+ localDc: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_LOCAL_DC:datacenter1}
+ # Will throw an exception on startup if authentication fails.
+ username: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_USERNAME:}
+ password: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_PASSWORD:}
+ # Max pooled connections per datacenter-local host.
+ maxConnections: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_MAX_CONNECTIONS:8}
+ # Using ssl for connection, rely on Keystore
+ use-ssl: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_USE_SSL:false}
+ maxSizeOfBatchCql: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_MAX_SIZE_OF_BATCH_CQL:2000}
+ asyncBatchPersistentPoolSize: ${ZIPKIN_STORAGE_CASSANDRA_ASYNC_BATCH_PERSISTENT_POOL_SIZE:4}
+
+telemetry:
+ selector: ${ZIPKIN_TELEMETRY:none}
+ none:
+
+cluster:
+ selector: standalone
+ standalone:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/cassandra.yaml b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/cassandra.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e2144fcd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/cassandra.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,1818 @@
+# Cassandra storage config YAML
+
+# NOTE:
+# See https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/configuration/ for
+# full explanations of configuration directives
+# /NOTE
+
+# The name of the cluster. This is mainly used to prevent machines in
+# one logical cluster from joining another.
+cluster_name: 'Test Cluster'
+
+# This defines the number of tokens randomly assigned to this node on the ring
+# The more tokens, relative to other nodes, the larger the proportion of data
+# that this node will store. You probably want all nodes to have the same number
+# of tokens assuming they have equal hardware capability.
+#
+# If you leave this unspecified, Cassandra will use the default of 1 token for legacy compatibility,
+# and will use the initial_token as described below.
+#
+# Specifying initial_token will override this setting on the node's initial start,
+# on subsequent starts, this setting will apply even if initial token is set.
+#
+# See https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/getting_started/production.html#tokens for
+# best practice information about num_tokens.
+#
+num_tokens: 16
+
+# Triggers automatic allocation of num_tokens tokens for this node. The allocation
+# algorithm attempts to choose tokens in a way that optimizes replicated load over
+# the nodes in the datacenter for the replica factor.
+#
+# The load assigned to each node will be close to proportional to its number of
+# vnodes.
+#
+# Only supported with the Murmur3Partitioner.
+
+# Replica factor is determined via the replication strategy used by the specified
+# keyspace.
+# allocate_tokens_for_keyspace: KEYSPACE
+
+# Replica factor is explicitly set, regardless of keyspace or datacenter.
+# This is the replica factor within the datacenter, like NTS.
+allocate_tokens_for_local_replication_factor: 3
+
+# initial_token allows you to specify tokens manually. While you can use it with
+# vnodes (num_tokens > 1, above) -- in which case you should provide a
+# comma-separated list -- it's primarily used when adding nodes to legacy clusters
+# that do not have vnodes enabled.
+# initial_token:
+
+# May either be "true" or "false" to enable globally
+hinted_handoff_enabled: true
+
+# When hinted_handoff_enabled is true, a black list of data centers that will not
+# perform hinted handoff
+# hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters:
+# - DC1
+# - DC2
+
+# this defines the maximum amount of time a dead host will have hints
+# generated. After it has been dead this long, new hints for it will not be
+# created until it has been seen alive and gone down again.
+# Min unit: ms
+max_hint_window: 3h
+
+# Maximum throttle in KiBs per second, per delivery thread. This will be
+# reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster. (If there
+# are two nodes in the cluster, each delivery thread will use the maximum
+# rate; if there are three, each will throttle to half of the maximum,
+# since we expect two nodes to be delivering hints simultaneously.)
+# Min unit: KiB
+hinted_handoff_throttle: 1024KiB
+
+# Number of threads with which to deliver hints;
+# Consider increasing this number when you have multi-dc deployments, since
+# cross-dc handoff tends to be slower
+max_hints_delivery_threads: 2
+
+# Directory where Cassandra should store hints.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/hints.
+# hints_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/hints
+
+# How often hints should be flushed from the internal buffers to disk.
+# Will *not* trigger fsync.
+# Min unit: ms
+hints_flush_period: 10000ms
+
+# Maximum size for a single hints file, in mebibytes.
+# Min unit: MiB
+max_hints_file_size: 128MiB
+
+# The file size limit to store hints for an unreachable host, in mebibytes.
+# Once the local hints files have reached the limit, no more new hints will be created.
+# Set a non-positive value will disable the size limit.
+# max_hints_size_per_host: 0MiB
+
+# Enable / disable automatic cleanup for the expired and orphaned hints file.
+# Disable the option in order to preserve those hints on the disk.
+auto_hints_cleanup_enabled: false
+
+# Compression to apply to the hint files. If omitted, hints files
+# will be written uncompressed. LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+# are supported.
+#hints_compression:
+# - class_name: LZ4Compressor
+# parameters:
+# -
+
+# Enable / disable persistent hint windows.
+#
+# If set to false, a hint will be stored only in case a respective node
+# that hint is for is down less than or equal to max_hint_window.
+#
+# If set to true, a hint will be stored in case there is not any
+# hint which was stored earlier than max_hint_window. This is for cases
+# when a node keeps to restart and hints are not delivered yet, we would be saving
+# hints for that node indefinitely.
+#
+# Defaults to true.
+#
+# hint_window_persistent_enabled: true
+
+# Maximum throttle in KiBs per second, total. This will be
+# reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batchlog_replay_throttle: 1024KiB
+
+# Authentication backend, implementing IAuthenticator; used to identify users
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthenticator,
+# PasswordAuthenticator}.
+#
+# - AllowAllAuthenticator performs no checks - set it to disable authentication.
+# - PasswordAuthenticator relies on username/password pairs to authenticate
+# users. It keeps usernames and hashed passwords in system_auth.roles table.
+# Please increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authenticator.
+# If using PasswordAuthenticator, CassandraRoleManager must also be used (see below)
+authenticator: AllowAllAuthenticator
+
+# Authorization backend, implementing IAuthorizer; used to limit access/provide permissions
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthorizer,
+# CassandraAuthorizer}.
+#
+# - AllowAllAuthorizer allows any action to any user - set it to disable authorization.
+# - CassandraAuthorizer stores permissions in system_auth.role_permissions table. Please
+# increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer.
+authorizer: AllowAllAuthorizer
+
+# Part of the Authentication & Authorization backend, implementing IRoleManager; used
+# to maintain grants and memberships between roles.
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraRoleManager,
+# which stores role information in the system_auth keyspace. Most functions of the
+# IRoleManager require an authenticated login, so unless the configured IAuthenticator
+# actually implements authentication, most of this functionality will be unavailable.
+#
+# - CassandraRoleManager stores role data in the system_auth keyspace. Please
+# increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this role manager.
+role_manager: CassandraRoleManager
+
+# Network authorization backend, implementing INetworkAuthorizer; used to restrict user
+# access to certain DCs
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer,
+# CassandraNetworkAuthorizer}.
+#
+# - AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer allows access to any DC to any user - set it to disable authorization.
+# - CassandraNetworkAuthorizer stores permissions in system_auth.network_permissions table. Please
+# increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer.
+network_authorizer: AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer
+
+# Depending on the auth strategy of the cluster, it can be beneficial to iterate
+# from root to table (root -> ks -> table) instead of table to root (table -> ks -> root).
+# As the auth entries are whitelisting, once a permission is found you know it to be
+# valid. We default to false as the legacy behavior is to query at the table level then
+# move back up to the root. See CASSANDRA-17016 for details.
+# traverse_auth_from_root: false
+
+# Validity period for roles cache (fetching granted roles can be an expensive
+# operation depending on the role manager, CassandraRoleManager is one example)
+# Granted roles are cached for authenticated sessions in AuthenticatedUser and
+# after the period specified here, become eligible for (async) reload.
+# Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable caching entirely.
+# Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthenticator.
+# For a long-running cache using roles_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000
+# Min unit: ms
+roles_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for roles cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If roles_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using roles_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as roles_validity.
+# For a long-running cache, consider setting this to 60000 (1 hour) etc.
+# Min unit: ms
+# roles_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by roles_update_interval. If false, cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# roles_cache_active_update: false
+
+# Validity period for permissions cache (fetching permissions can be an
+# expensive operation depending on the authorizer, CassandraAuthorizer is
+# one example). Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable.
+# Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthorizer.
+# For a long-running cache using permissions_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000ms
+# Min unit: ms
+permissions_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for permissions cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If permissions_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using permissions_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as permissions_validity.
+# For a longer-running permissions cache, consider setting to update hourly (60000)
+# Min unit: ms
+# permissions_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by permissions_update_interval. If false, cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# permissions_cache_active_update: false
+
+# Validity period for credentials cache. This cache is tightly coupled to
+# the provided PasswordAuthenticator implementation of IAuthenticator. If
+# another IAuthenticator implementation is configured, this cache will not
+# be automatically used and so the following settings will have no effect.
+# Please note, credentials are cached in their encrypted form, so while
+# activating this cache may reduce the number of queries made to the
+# underlying table, it may not bring a significant reduction in the
+# latency of individual authentication attempts.
+# Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable credentials caching.
+# For a long-running cache using credentials_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000
+# Min unit: ms
+credentials_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for credentials cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If credentials_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using credentials_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as credentials_validity.
+# For a longer-running permissions cache, consider setting to update hourly (60000)
+# Min unit: ms
+# credentials_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by credentials_update_interval. If false (default), cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# credentials_cache_active_update: false
+
+# The partitioner is responsible for distributing groups of rows (by
+# partition key) across nodes in the cluster. The partitioner can NOT be
+# changed without reloading all data. If you are adding nodes or upgrading,
+# you should set this to the same partitioner that you are currently using.
+#
+# The default partitioner is the Murmur3Partitioner. Older partitioners
+# such as the RandomPartitioner, ByteOrderedPartitioner, and
+# OrderPreservingPartitioner have been included for backward compatibility only.
+# For new clusters, you should NOT change this value.
+#
+partitioner: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner
+
+# Directories where Cassandra should store data on disk. If multiple
+# directories are specified, Cassandra will spread data evenly across
+# them by partitioning the token ranges.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/data.
+# data_file_directories:
+# - /var/lib/cassandra/data
+
+# Directory were Cassandra should store the data of the local system keyspaces.
+# By default Cassandra will store the data of the local system keyspaces in the first of the data directories specified
+# by data_file_directories.
+# This approach ensures that if one of the other disks is lost Cassandra can continue to operate. For extra security
+# this setting allows to store those data on a different directory that provides redundancy.
+# local_system_data_file_directory:
+
+# commit log. when running on magnetic HDD, this should be a
+# separate spindle than the data directories.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/commitlog.
+# commitlog_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog
+
+# Enable / disable CDC functionality on a per-node basis. This modifies the logic used
+# for write path allocation rejection (standard: never reject. cdc: reject Mutation
+# containing a CDC-enabled table if at space limit in cdc_raw_directory).
+cdc_enabled: false
+
+# CommitLogSegments are moved to this directory on flush if cdc_enabled: true and the
+# segment contains mutations for a CDC-enabled table. This should be placed on a
+# separate spindle than the data directories. If not set, the default directory is
+# $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/cdc_raw.
+# cdc_raw_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/cdc_raw
+
+# Policy for data disk failures:
+#
+# die
+# shut down gossip and client transports and kill the JVM for any fs errors or
+# single-sstable errors, so the node can be replaced.
+#
+# stop_paranoid
+# shut down gossip and client transports even for single-sstable errors,
+# kill the JVM for errors during startup.
+#
+# stop
+# shut down gossip and client transports, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+# can still be inspected via JMX, kill the JVM for errors during startup.
+#
+# best_effort
+# stop using the failed disk and respond to requests based on
+# remaining available sstables. This means you WILL see obsolete
+# data at CL.ONE!
+#
+# ignore
+# ignore fatal errors and let requests fail, as in pre-1.2 Cassandra
+disk_failure_policy: stop
+
+# Policy for commit disk failures:
+#
+# die
+# shut down the node and kill the JVM, so the node can be replaced.
+#
+# stop
+# shut down the node, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+# can still be inspected via JMX.
+#
+# stop_commit
+# shutdown the commit log, letting writes collect but
+# continuing to service reads, as in pre-2.0.5 Cassandra
+#
+# ignore
+# ignore fatal errors and let the batches fail
+commit_failure_policy: stop
+
+# Maximum size of the native protocol prepared statement cache
+#
+# Valid values are either "auto" (omitting the value) or a value greater 0.
+#
+# Note that specifying a too large value will result in long running GCs and possbily
+# out-of-memory errors. Keep the value at a small fraction of the heap.
+#
+# If you constantly see "prepared statements discarded in the last minute because
+# cache limit reached" messages, the first step is to investigate the root cause
+# of these messages and check whether prepared statements are used correctly -
+# i.e. use bind markers for variable parts.
+#
+# Do only change the default value, if you really have more prepared statements than
+# fit in the cache. In most cases it is not neccessary to change this value.
+# Constantly re-preparing statements is a performance penalty.
+#
+# Default value ("auto") is 1/256th of the heap or 10MiB, whichever is greater
+# Min unit: MiB
+prepared_statements_cache_size:
+
+# Maximum size of the key cache in memory.
+#
+# Each key cache hit saves 1 seek and each row cache hit saves 2 seeks at the
+# minimum, sometimes more. The key cache is fairly tiny for the amount of
+# time it saves, so it's worthwhile to use it at large numbers.
+# The row cache saves even more time, but must contain the entire row,
+# so it is extremely space-intensive. It's best to only use the
+# row cache if you have hot rows or static rows.
+#
+# NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.
+#
+# Default value is empty to make it "auto" (min(5% of Heap (in MiB), 100MiB)). Set to 0 to disable key cache.
+# Min unit: MiB
+key_cache_size:
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+# save the key cache. Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+# specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+# terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+# has limited use.
+#
+# Default is 14400 or 4 hours.
+# Min unit: s
+key_cache_save_period: 4h
+
+# Number of keys from the key cache to save
+# Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# key_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# Row cache implementation class name. Available implementations:
+#
+# org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider
+# Fully off-heap row cache implementation (default).
+#
+# org.apache.cassandra.cache.SerializingCacheProvider
+# This is the row cache implementation availabile
+# in previous releases of Cassandra.
+# row_cache_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider
+
+# Maximum size of the row cache in memory.
+# Please note that OHC cache implementation requires some additional off-heap memory to manage
+# the map structures and some in-flight memory during operations before/after cache entries can be
+# accounted against the cache capacity. This overhead is usually small compared to the whole capacity.
+# Do not specify more memory that the system can afford in the worst usual situation and leave some
+# headroom for OS block level cache. Do never allow your system to swap.
+#
+# Default value is 0, to disable row caching.
+# Min unit: MiB
+row_cache_size: 0MiB
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should save the row cache.
+# Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+# terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+# has limited use.
+#
+# Default is 0 to disable saving the row cache.
+# Min unit: s
+row_cache_save_period: 0s
+
+# Number of keys from the row cache to save.
+# Specify 0 (which is the default), meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# row_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# Maximum size of the counter cache in memory.
+#
+# Counter cache helps to reduce counter locks' contention for hot counter cells.
+# In case of RF = 1 a counter cache hit will cause Cassandra to skip the read before
+# write entirely. With RF > 1 a counter cache hit will still help to reduce the duration
+# of the lock hold, helping with hot counter cell updates, but will not allow skipping
+# the read entirely. Only the local (clock, count) tuple of a counter cell is kept
+# in memory, not the whole counter, so it's relatively cheap.
+#
+# NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.
+#
+# Default value is empty to make it "auto" (min(2.5% of Heap (in MiB), 50MiB)). Set to 0 to disable counter cache.
+# NOTE: if you perform counter deletes and rely on low gcgs, you should disable the counter cache.
+# Min unit: MiB
+counter_cache_size:
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+# save the counter cache (keys only). Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+# specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Default is 7200 or 2 hours.
+# Min unit: s
+counter_cache_save_period: 7200s
+
+# Number of keys from the counter cache to save
+# Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# counter_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# saved caches
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/saved_caches.
+# saved_caches_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/saved_caches
+
+# Number of seconds the server will wait for each cache (row, key, etc ...) to load while starting
+# the Cassandra process. Setting this to zero is equivalent to disabling all cache loading on startup
+# while still having the cache during runtime.
+# Min unit: s
+# cache_load_timeout: 30s
+
+# commitlog_sync may be either "periodic", "group", or "batch."
+#
+# When in batch mode, Cassandra won't ack writes until the commit log
+# has been flushed to disk. Each incoming write will trigger the flush task.
+# commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms is a deprecated value. Previously it had
+# almost no value, and is being removed.
+#
+# commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms: 2
+#
+# group mode is similar to batch mode, where Cassandra will not ack writes
+# until the commit log has been flushed to disk. The difference is group
+# mode will wait up to commitlog_sync_group_window between flushes.
+#
+# Min unit: ms
+# commitlog_sync_group_window: 1000ms
+#
+# the default option is "periodic" where writes may be acked immediately
+# and the CommitLog is simply synced every commitlog_sync_period
+# milliseconds.
+commitlog_sync: periodic
+# Min unit: ms
+commitlog_sync_period: 10000ms
+
+# When in periodic commitlog mode, the number of milliseconds to block writes
+# while waiting for a slow disk flush to complete.
+# Min unit: ms
+# periodic_commitlog_sync_lag_block:
+
+# The size of the individual commitlog file segments. A commitlog
+# segment may be archived, deleted, or recycled once all the data
+# in it (potentially from each columnfamily in the system) has been
+# flushed to sstables.
+#
+# The default size is 32, which is almost always fine, but if you are
+# archiving commitlog segments (see commitlog_archiving.properties),
+# then you probably want a finer granularity of archiving; 8 or 16 MB
+# is reasonable.
+# Max mutation size is also configurable via max_mutation_size setting in
+# cassandra.yaml. The default is half the size commitlog_segment_size in bytes.
+# This should be positive and less than 2048.
+#
+# NOTE: If max_mutation_size is set explicitly then commitlog_segment_size must
+# be set to at least twice the size of max_mutation_size
+#
+# Min unit: MiB
+commitlog_segment_size: 32MiB
+
+# Compression to apply to the commit log. If omitted, the commit log
+# will be written uncompressed. LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+# are supported.
+# commitlog_compression:
+# - class_name: LZ4Compressor
+# parameters:
+# -
+
+# Compression to apply to SSTables as they flush for compressed tables.
+# Note that tables without compression enabled do not respect this flag.
+#
+# As high ratio compressors like LZ4HC, Zstd, and Deflate can potentially
+# block flushes for too long, the default is to flush with a known fast
+# compressor in those cases. Options are:
+#
+# none : Flush without compressing blocks but while still doing checksums.
+# fast : Flush with a fast compressor. If the table is already using a
+# fast compressor that compressor is used.
+# table: Always flush with the same compressor that the table uses. This
+# was the pre 4.0 behavior.
+#
+# flush_compression: fast
+
+# any class that implements the SeedProvider interface and has a
+# constructor that takes a Map of parameters will do.
+seed_provider:
+ # Addresses of hosts that are deemed contact points.
+ # Cassandra nodes use this list of hosts to find each other and learn
+ # the topology of the ring. You must change this if you are running
+ # multiple nodes!
+ - class_name: org.apache.cassandra.locator.SimpleSeedProvider
+ parameters:
+ # seeds is actually a comma-delimited list of addresses.
+ # Ex: ",,"
+ - seeds: "172.17.0.4"
+
+# For workloads with more data than can fit in memory, Cassandra's
+# bottleneck will be reads that need to fetch data from
+# disk. "concurrent_reads" should be set to (16 * number_of_drives) in
+# order to allow the operations to enqueue low enough in the stack
+# that the OS and drives can reorder them. Same applies to
+# "concurrent_counter_writes", since counter writes read the current
+# values before incrementing and writing them back.
+#
+# On the other hand, since writes are almost never IO bound, the ideal
+# number of "concurrent_writes" is dependent on the number of cores in
+# your system; (8 * number_of_cores) is a good rule of thumb.
+concurrent_reads: 32
+concurrent_writes: 32
+concurrent_counter_writes: 32
+
+# For materialized view writes, as there is a read involved, so this should
+# be limited by the less of concurrent reads or concurrent writes.
+concurrent_materialized_view_writes: 32
+
+# Maximum memory to use for inter-node and client-server networking buffers.
+#
+# Defaults to the smaller of 1/16 of heap or 128MB. This pool is allocated off-heap,
+# so is in addition to the memory allocated for heap. The cache also has on-heap
+# overhead which is roughly 128 bytes per chunk (i.e. 0.2% of the reserved size
+# if the default 64k chunk size is used).
+# Memory is only allocated when needed.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# networking_cache_size: 128MiB
+
+# Enable the sstable chunk cache. The chunk cache will store recently accessed
+# sections of the sstable in-memory as uncompressed buffers.
+# file_cache_enabled: false
+
+# Maximum memory to use for sstable chunk cache and buffer pooling.
+# 32MB of this are reserved for pooling buffers, the rest is used for chunk cache
+# that holds uncompressed sstable chunks.
+# Defaults to the smaller of 1/4 of heap or 512MB. This pool is allocated off-heap,
+# so is in addition to the memory allocated for heap. The cache also has on-heap
+# overhead which is roughly 128 bytes per chunk (i.e. 0.2% of the reserved size
+# if the default 64k chunk size is used).
+# Memory is only allocated when needed.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# file_cache_size: 512MiB
+
+# Flag indicating whether to allocate on or off heap when the sstable buffer
+# pool is exhausted, that is when it has exceeded the maximum memory
+# file_cache_size, beyond which it will not cache buffers but allocate on request.
+
+# buffer_pool_use_heap_if_exhausted: true
+
+# The strategy for optimizing disk read
+# Possible values are:
+# ssd (for solid state disks, the default)
+# spinning (for spinning disks)
+# disk_optimization_strategy: ssd
+
+# Total permitted memory to use for memtables. Cassandra will stop
+# accepting writes when the limit is exceeded until a flush completes,
+# and will trigger a flush based on memtable_cleanup_threshold
+# If omitted, Cassandra will set both to 1/4 the size of the heap.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# memtable_heap_space: 2048MiB
+# Min unit: MiB
+# memtable_offheap_space: 2048MiB
+
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold is deprecated. The default calculation
+# is the only reasonable choice. See the comments on memtable_flush_writers
+# for more information.
+#
+# Ratio of occupied non-flushing memtable size to total permitted size
+# that will trigger a flush of the largest memtable. Larger mct will
+# mean larger flushes and hence less compaction, but also less concurrent
+# flush activity which can make it difficult to keep your disks fed
+# under heavy write load.
+#
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold defaults to 1 / (memtable_flush_writers + 1)
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold: 0.11
+
+# Specify the way Cassandra allocates and manages memtable memory.
+# Options are:
+#
+# heap_buffers
+# on heap nio buffers
+#
+# offheap_buffers
+# off heap (direct) nio buffers
+#
+# offheap_objects
+# off heap objects
+memtable_allocation_type: heap_buffers
+
+# Limit memory usage for Merkle tree calculations during repairs. The default
+# is 1/16th of the available heap. The main tradeoff is that smaller trees
+# have less resolution, which can lead to over-streaming data. If you see heap
+# pressure during repairs, consider lowering this, but you cannot go below
+# one mebibyte. If you see lots of over-streaming, consider raising
+# this or using subrange repair.
+#
+# For more details see https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-14096.
+#
+# Min unit: MiB
+# repair_session_space:
+
+# Total space to use for commit logs on disk.
+#
+# If space gets above this value, Cassandra will flush every dirty CF
+# in the oldest segment and remove it. So a small total commitlog space
+# will tend to cause more flush activity on less-active columnfamilies.
+#
+# The default value is the smaller of 8192, and 1/4 of the total space
+# of the commitlog volume.
+#
+# commitlog_total_space: 8192MiB
+
+# This sets the number of memtable flush writer threads per disk
+# as well as the total number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently.
+# These are generally a combination of compute and IO bound.
+#
+# Memtable flushing is more CPU efficient than memtable ingest and a single thread
+# can keep up with the ingest rate of a whole server on a single fast disk
+# until it temporarily becomes IO bound under contention typically with compaction.
+# At that point you need multiple flush threads. At some point in the future
+# it may become CPU bound all the time.
+#
+# You can tell if flushing is falling behind using the MemtablePool.BlockedOnAllocation
+# metric which should be 0, but will be non-zero if threads are blocked waiting on flushing
+# to free memory.
+#
+# memtable_flush_writers defaults to two for a single data directory.
+# This means that two memtables can be flushed concurrently to the single data directory.
+# If you have multiple data directories the default is one memtable flushing at a time
+# but the flush will use a thread per data directory so you will get two or more writers.
+#
+# Two is generally enough to flush on a fast disk [array] mounted as a single data directory.
+# Adding more flush writers will result in smaller more frequent flushes that introduce more
+# compaction overhead.
+#
+# There is a direct tradeoff between number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently
+# and flush size and frequency. More is not better you just need enough flush writers
+# to never stall waiting for flushing to free memory.
+#
+# memtable_flush_writers: 2
+
+# Total space to use for change-data-capture logs on disk.
+#
+# If space gets above this value, Cassandra will throw WriteTimeoutException
+# on Mutations including tables with CDC enabled. A CDCCompactor is responsible
+# for parsing the raw CDC logs and deleting them when parsing is completed.
+#
+# The default value is the min of 4096 MiB and 1/8th of the total space
+# of the drive where cdc_raw_directory resides.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# cdc_total_space: 4096MiB
+
+# When we hit our cdc_raw limit and the CDCCompactor is either running behind
+# or experiencing backpressure, we check at the following interval to see if any
+# new space for cdc-tracked tables has been made available. Default to 250ms
+# Min unit: ms
+# cdc_free_space_check_interval: 250ms
+
+# A fixed memory pool size in MB for for SSTable index summaries. If left
+# empty, this will default to 5% of the heap size. If the memory usage of
+# all index summaries exceeds this limit, SSTables with low read rates will
+# shrink their index summaries in order to meet this limit. However, this
+# is a best-effort process. In extreme conditions Cassandra may need to use
+# more than this amount of memory.
+# Min unit: KiB
+index_summary_capacity:
+
+# How frequently index summaries should be resampled. This is done
+# periodically to redistribute memory from the fixed-size pool to sstables
+# proportional their recent read rates. Setting to null value will disable this
+# process, leaving existing index summaries at their current sampling level.
+# Min unit: m
+index_summary_resize_interval: 60m
+
+# Whether to, when doing sequential writing, fsync() at intervals in
+# order to force the operating system to flush the dirty
+# buffers. Enable this to avoid sudden dirty buffer flushing from
+# impacting read latencies. Almost always a good idea on SSDs; not
+# necessarily on platters.
+trickle_fsync: false
+# Min unit: KiB
+trickle_fsync_interval: 10240KiB
+
+# TCP port, for commands and data
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
+storage_port: 7000
+
+# SSL port, for legacy encrypted communication. This property is unused unless enabled in
+# server_encryption_options (see below). As of cassandra 4.0, this property is deprecated
+# as a single port can be used for either/both secure and insecure connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
+ssl_storage_port: 7001
+
+# Address or interface to bind to and tell other Cassandra nodes to connect to.
+# You _must_ change this if you want multiple nodes to be able to communicate!
+#
+# Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both.
+#
+# Leaving it blank leaves it up to InetAddress.getLocalHost(). This
+# will always do the Right Thing _if_ the node is properly configured
+# (hostname, name resolution, etc), and the Right Thing is to use the
+# address associated with the hostname (it might not be). If unresolvable
+# it will fall back to InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), which is wrong for production systems.
+#
+# Setting listen_address to 0.0.0.0 is always wrong.
+#
+listen_address: 172.17.0.4
+
+# Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+# to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.
+# listen_interface: eth0
+
+# If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+# you can specify which should be chosen using listen_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+# address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+# ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.
+# listen_interface_prefer_ipv6: false
+
+# Address to broadcast to other Cassandra nodes
+# Leaving this blank will set it to the same value as listen_address
+broadcast_address: 172.17.0.4
+
+# When using multiple physical network interfaces, set this
+# to true to listen on broadcast_address in addition to
+# the listen_address, allowing nodes to communicate in both
+# interfaces.
+# Ignore this property if the network configuration automatically
+# routes between the public and private networks such as EC2.
+# listen_on_broadcast_address: false
+
+# Internode authentication backend, implementing IInternodeAuthenticator;
+# used to allow/disallow connections from peer nodes.
+# internode_authenticator: org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllInternodeAuthenticator
+
+# Whether to start the native transport server.
+# The address on which the native transport is bound is defined by rpc_address.
+start_native_transport: true
+# port for the CQL native transport to listen for clients on
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
+native_transport_port: 9042
+# Enabling native transport encryption in client_encryption_options allows you to either use
+# encryption for the standard port or to use a dedicated, additional port along with the unencrypted
+# standard native_transport_port.
+# Enabling client encryption and keeping native_transport_port_ssl disabled will use encryption
+# for native_transport_port. Setting native_transport_port_ssl to a different value
+# from native_transport_port will use encryption for native_transport_port_ssl while
+# keeping native_transport_port unencrypted.
+# native_transport_port_ssl: 9142
+# The maximum threads for handling requests (note that idle threads are stopped
+# after 30 seconds so there is not corresponding minimum setting).
+# native_transport_max_threads: 128
+#
+# The maximum size of allowed frame. Frame (requests) larger than this will
+# be rejected as invalid. The default is 16MiB. If you're changing this parameter,
+# you may want to adjust max_value_size accordingly. This should be positive and less than 2048.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# native_transport_max_frame_size: 16MiB
+
+# The maximum number of concurrent client connections.
+# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
+# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections: -1
+
+# The maximum number of concurrent client connections per source ip.
+# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
+# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections_per_ip: -1
+
+# Controls whether Cassandra honors older, yet currently supported, protocol versions.
+# The default is true, which means all supported protocols will be honored.
+native_transport_allow_older_protocols: true
+
+# Controls when idle client connections are closed. Idle connections are ones that had neither reads
+# nor writes for a time period.
+#
+# Clients may implement heartbeats by sending OPTIONS native protocol message after a timeout, which
+# will reset idle timeout timer on the server side. To close idle client connections, corresponding
+# values for heartbeat intervals have to be set on the client side.
+#
+# Idle connection timeouts are disabled by default.
+# Min unit: ms
+# native_transport_idle_timeout: 60000ms
+
+# When enabled, limits the number of native transport requests dispatched for processing per second.
+# Behavior once the limit has been breached depends on the value of THROW_ON_OVERLOAD specified in
+# the STARTUP message sent by the client during connection establishment. (See section "4.1.1. STARTUP"
+# in "CQL BINARY PROTOCOL v5".) With the THROW_ON_OVERLOAD flag enabled, messages that breach the limit
+# are dropped, and an OverloadedException is thrown for the client to handle. When the flag is not
+# enabled, the server will stop consuming messages from the channel/socket, putting backpressure on
+# the client while already dispatched messages are processed.
+# native_transport_rate_limiting_enabled: false
+# native_transport_max_requests_per_second: 1000000
+
+# The address or interface to bind the native transport server to.
+#
+# Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both.
+#
+# Leaving rpc_address blank has the same effect as on listen_address
+# (i.e. it will be based on the configured hostname of the node).
+#
+# Note that unlike listen_address, you can specify 0.0.0.0, but you must also
+# set broadcast_rpc_address to a value other than 0.0.0.0.
+#
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
+rpc_address: 0.0.0.0
+
+# Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+# to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.
+# rpc_interface: eth1
+
+# If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+# you can specify which should be chosen using rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+# address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+# ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.
+# rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6: false
+
+# RPC address to broadcast to drivers and other Cassandra nodes. This cannot
+# be set to 0.0.0.0. If left blank, this will be set to the value of
+# rpc_address. If rpc_address is set to 0.0.0.0, broadcast_rpc_address must
+# be set.
+broadcast_rpc_address: 172.17.0.4
+
+# enable or disable keepalive on rpc/native connections
+rpc_keepalive: true
+
+# Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+# Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+# and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
+# See also:
+# /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
+# /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
+# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+# and 'man tcp'
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_socket_send_buffer_size:
+
+# Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+# Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+# and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_socket_receive_buffer_size:
+
+# Set to true to have Cassandra create a hard link to each sstable
+# flushed or streamed locally in a backups/ subdirectory of the
+# keyspace data. Removing these links is the operator's
+# responsibility.
+incremental_backups: false
+
+# Whether or not to take a snapshot before each compaction. Be
+# careful using this option, since Cassandra won't clean up the
+# snapshots for you. Mostly useful if you're paranoid when there
+# is a data format change.
+snapshot_before_compaction: false
+
+# Whether or not a snapshot is taken of the data before keyspace truncation
+# or dropping of column families. The STRONGLY advised default of true
+# should be used to provide data safety. If you set this flag to false, you will
+# lose data on truncation or drop.
+auto_snapshot: true
+
+# Adds a time-to-live (TTL) to auto snapshots generated by table
+# truncation or drop (when enabled).
+# After the TTL is elapsed, the snapshot is automatically cleared.
+# By default, auto snapshots *do not* have TTL, uncomment the property below
+# to enable TTL on auto snapshots.
+# Accepted units: d (days), h (hours) or m (minutes)
+# auto_snapshot_ttl: 30d
+
+# The act of creating or clearing a snapshot involves creating or removing
+# potentially tens of thousands of links, which can cause significant performance
+# impact, especially on consumer grade SSDs. A non-zero value here can
+# be used to throttle these links to avoid negative performance impact of
+# taking and clearing snapshots
+snapshot_links_per_second: 0
+
+# Granularity of the collation index of rows within a partition.
+# Increase if your rows are large, or if you have a very large
+# number of rows per partition. The competing goals are these:
+#
+# - a smaller granularity means more index entries are generated
+# and looking up rows withing the partition by collation column
+# is faster
+# - but, Cassandra will keep the collation index in memory for hot
+# rows (as part of the key cache), so a larger granularity means
+# you can cache more hot rows
+# Min unit: KiB
+column_index_size: 64KiB
+
+# Per sstable indexed key cache entries (the collation index in memory
+# mentioned above) exceeding this size will not be held on heap.
+# This means that only partition information is held on heap and the
+# index entries are read from disk.
+#
+# Note that this size refers to the size of the
+# serialized index information and not the size of the partition.
+# Min unit: KiB
+column_index_cache_size: 2KiB
+
+# Number of simultaneous compactions to allow, NOT including
+# validation "compactions" for anti-entropy repair. Simultaneous
+# compactions can help preserve read performance in a mixed read/write
+# workload, by mitigating the tendency of small sstables to accumulate
+# during a single long running compactions. The default is usually
+# fine and if you experience problems with compaction running too
+# slowly or too fast, you should look at
+# compaction_throughput first.
+#
+# concurrent_compactors defaults to the smaller of (number of disks,
+# number of cores), with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 8.
+#
+# If your data directories are backed by SSD, you should increase this
+# to the number of cores.
+# concurrent_compactors: 1
+
+# Number of simultaneous repair validations to allow. If not set or set to
+# a value less than 1, it defaults to the value of concurrent_compactors.
+# To set a value greeater than concurrent_compactors at startup, the system
+# property cassandra.allow_unlimited_concurrent_validations must be set to
+# true. To dynamically resize to a value > concurrent_compactors on a running
+# node, first call the bypassConcurrentValidatorsLimit method on the
+# org.apache.cassandra.db:type=StorageService mbean
+# concurrent_validations: 0
+
+# Number of simultaneous materialized view builder tasks to allow.
+concurrent_materialized_view_builders: 1
+
+# Throttles compaction to the given total throughput across the entire
+# system. The faster you insert data, the faster you need to compact in
+# order to keep the sstable count down, but in general, setting this to
+# 16 to 32 times the rate you are inserting data is more than sufficient.
+# Setting this to 0 disables throttling. Note that this accounts for all types
+# of compaction, including validation compaction (building Merkle trees
+# for repairs).
+compaction_throughput: 64MiB/s
+
+# When compacting, the replacement sstable(s) can be opened before they
+# are completely written, and used in place of the prior sstables for
+# any range that has been written. This helps to smoothly transfer reads
+# between the sstables, reducing page cache churn and keeping hot rows hot
+# Set sstable_preemptive_open_interval to null for disabled which is equivalent to
+# sstable_preemptive_open_interval_in_mb being negative
+# Min unit: MiB
+sstable_preemptive_open_interval: 50MiB
+
+# Starting from 4.1 sstables support UUID based generation identifiers. They are disabled by default
+# because once enabled, there is no easy way to downgrade. When the node is restarted with this option
+# set to true, each newly created sstable will have a UUID based generation identifier and such files are
+# not readable by previous Cassandra versions. At some point, this option will become true by default
+# and eventually get removed from the configuration.
+uuid_sstable_identifiers_enabled: false
+
+# When enabled, permits Cassandra to zero-copy stream entire eligible
+# SSTables between nodes, including every component.
+# This speeds up the network transfer significantly subject to
+# throttling specified by entire_sstable_stream_throughput_outbound,
+# and entire_sstable_inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound
+# for inter-DC transfers.
+# Enabling this will reduce the GC pressure on sending and receiving node.
+# When unset, the default is enabled. While this feature tries to keep the
+# disks balanced, it cannot guarantee it. This feature will be automatically
+# disabled if internode encryption is enabled.
+# stream_entire_sstables: true
+
+# Throttles entire SSTable outbound streaming file transfers on
+# this node to the given total throughput in Mbps.
+# Setting this value to 0 it disables throttling.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# entire_sstable_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles entire SSTable file streaming between datacenters.
+# Setting this value to 0 disables throttling for entire SSTable inter-DC file streaming.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# entire_sstable_inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles all outbound streaming file transfers on this node to the
+# given total throughput in Mbps. This is necessary because Cassandra does
+# mostly sequential IO when streaming data during bootstrap or repair, which
+# can lead to saturating the network connection and degrading rpc performance.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles all streaming file transfer between the datacenters,
+# this setting allows users to throttle inter dc stream throughput in addition
+# to throttling all network stream traffic as configured with
+# stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Server side timeouts for requests. The server will return a timeout exception
+# to the client if it can't complete an operation within the corresponding
+# timeout. Those settings are a protection against:
+# 1) having client wait on an operation that might never terminate due to some
+# failures.
+# 2) operations that use too much CPU/read too much data (leading to memory build
+# up) by putting a limit to how long an operation will execute.
+# For this reason, you should avoid putting these settings too high. In other words,
+# if you are timing out requests because of underlying resource constraints then
+# increasing the timeout will just cause more problems. Of course putting them too
+# low is equally ill-advised since clients could get timeouts even for successful
+# operations just because the timeout setting is too tight.
+
+# How long the coordinator should wait for read operations to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+read_request_timeout: 5000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for seq or index scans to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+range_request_timeout: 10000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for writes to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+write_request_timeout: 2000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for counter writes to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+counter_write_request_timeout: 5000ms
+# How long a coordinator should continue to retry a CAS operation
+# that contends with other proposals for the same row.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+cas_contention_timeout: 1000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for truncates to complete
+# (This can be much longer, because unless auto_snapshot is disabled
+# we need to flush first so we can snapshot before removing the data.)
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+truncate_request_timeout: 60000ms
+# The default timeout for other, miscellaneous operations.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+request_timeout: 10000ms
+
+# Defensive settings for protecting Cassandra from true network partitions.
+# See (CASSANDRA-14358) for details.
+#
+# The amount of time to wait for internode tcp connections to establish.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_tcp_connect_timeout: 2000ms
+#
+# The amount of time unacknowledged data is allowed on a connection before we throw out the connection
+# Note this is only supported on Linux + epoll, and it appears to behave oddly above a setting of 30000
+# (it takes much longer than 30s) as of Linux 4.12. If you want something that high set this to 0
+# which picks up the OS default and configure the net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 sysctl to be ~8.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_tcp_user_timeout: 30000ms
+
+# The amount of time unacknowledged data is allowed on a streaming connection.
+# The default is 5 minutes. Increase it or set it to 0 in order to increase the timeout.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_streaming_tcp_user_timeout: 300000ms
+
+# Global, per-endpoint and per-connection limits imposed on messages queued for delivery to other nodes
+# and waiting to be processed on arrival from other nodes in the cluster. These limits are applied to the on-wire
+# size of the message being sent or received.
+#
+# The basic per-link limit is consumed in isolation before any endpoint or global limit is imposed.
+# Each node-pair has three links: urgent, small and large. So any given node may have a maximum of
+# N*3*(internode_application_send_queue_capacity+internode_application_receive_queue_capacity)
+# messages queued without any coordination between them although in practice, with token-aware routing, only RF*tokens
+# nodes should need to communicate with significant bandwidth.
+#
+# The per-endpoint limit is imposed on all messages exceeding the per-link limit, simultaneously with the global limit,
+# on all links to or from a single node in the cluster.
+# The global limit is imposed on all messages exceeding the per-link limit, simultaneously with the per-endpoint limit,
+# on all links to or from any node in the cluster.
+#
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_application_send_queue_capacity: 4MiB
+# internode_application_send_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity: 128MiB
+# internode_application_send_queue_reserve_global_capacity: 512MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_capacity: 4MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity: 128MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_global_capacity: 512MiB
+
+
+# How long before a node logs slow queries. Select queries that take longer than
+# this timeout to execute, will generate an aggregated log message, so that slow queries
+# can be identified. Set this value to zero to disable slow query logging.
+# Min unit: ms
+slow_query_log_timeout: 500ms
+
+# Enable operation timeout information exchange between nodes to accurately
+# measure request timeouts. If disabled, replicas will assume that requests
+# were forwarded to them instantly by the coordinator, which means that
+# under overload conditions we will waste that much extra time processing
+# already-timed-out requests.
+#
+# Warning: It is generally assumed that users have setup NTP on their clusters, and that clocks are modestly in sync,
+# since this is a requirement for general correctness of last write wins.
+# internode_timeout: true
+
+# Set period for idle state control messages for earlier detection of failed streams
+# This node will send a keep-alive message periodically on the streaming's control channel.
+# This ensures that any eventual SocketTimeoutException will occur within 2 keep-alive cycles
+# If the node cannot send, or timeouts sending, the keep-alive message on the netty control channel
+# the stream session is closed.
+# Default value is 300s (5 minutes), which means stalled streams
+# are detected within 10 minutes
+# Specify 0 to disable.
+# Min unit: s
+# streaming_keep_alive_period: 300s
+
+# Limit number of connections per host for streaming
+# Increase this when you notice that joins are CPU-bound rather that network
+# bound (for example a few nodes with big files).
+# streaming_connections_per_host: 1
+
+# Settings for stream stats tracking; used by system_views.streaming table
+# How long before a stream is evicted from tracking; this impacts both historic and currently running
+# streams.
+# streaming_state_expires: 3d
+# How much memory may be used for tracking before evicting session from tracking; once crossed
+# historic and currently running streams maybe impacted.
+# streaming_state_size: 40MiB
+# Enable/Disable tracking of streaming stats
+# streaming_stats_enabled: true
+
+# Allows denying configurable access (rw/rr) to operations on configured ks, table, and partitions, intended for use by
+# operators to manage cluster health vs application access. See CASSANDRA-12106 and CEP-13 for more details.
+# partition_denylist_enabled: false
+
+# denylist_writes_enabled: true
+# denylist_reads_enabled: true
+# denylist_range_reads_enabled: true
+
+# The interval at which keys in the cache for denylisting will "expire" and async refresh from the backing DB.
+# Note: this serves only as a fail-safe, as the usage pattern is expected to be "mutate state, refresh cache" on any
+# changes to the underlying denylist entries. See documentation for details.
+# Min unit: s
+# denylist_refresh: 600s
+
+# In the event of errors on attempting to load the denylist cache, retry on this interval.
+# Min unit: s
+# denylist_initial_load_retry: 5s
+
+# We cap the number of denylisted keys allowed per table to keep things from growing unbounded. Nodes will warn above
+# this limit while allowing new denylisted keys to be inserted. Denied keys are loaded in natural query / clustering
+# ordering by partition key in case of overflow.
+# denylist_max_keys_per_table: 1000
+
+# We cap the total number of denylisted keys allowed in the cluster to keep things from growing unbounded.
+# Nodes will warn on initial cache load that there are too many keys and be direct the operator to trim down excess
+# entries to within the configured limits.
+# denylist_max_keys_total: 10000
+
+# Since the denylist in many ways serves to protect the health of the cluster from partitions operators have identified
+# as being in a bad state, we usually want more robustness than just CL.ONE on operations to/from these tables to
+# ensure that these safeguards are in place. That said, we allow users to configure this if they're so inclined.
+# denylist_consistency_level: QUORUM
+
+# phi value that must be reached for a host to be marked down.
+# most users should never need to adjust this.
+# phi_convict_threshold: 8
+
+# endpoint_snitch -- Set this to a class that implements
+# IEndpointSnitch. The snitch has two functions:
+#
+# - it teaches Cassandra enough about your network topology to route
+# requests efficiently
+# - it allows Cassandra to spread replicas around your cluster to avoid
+# correlated failures. It does this by grouping machines into
+# "datacenters" and "racks." Cassandra will do its best not to have
+# more than one replica on the same "rack" (which may not actually
+# be a physical location)
+#
+# CASSANDRA WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO SWITCH TO AN INCOMPATIBLE SNITCH
+# ONCE DATA IS INSERTED INTO THE CLUSTER. This would cause data loss.
+# This means that if you start with the default SimpleSnitch, which
+# locates every node on "rack1" in "datacenter1", your only options
+# if you need to add another datacenter are GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+# (and the older PFS). From there, if you want to migrate to an
+# incompatible snitch like Ec2Snitch you can do it by adding new nodes
+# under Ec2Snitch (which will locate them in a new "datacenter") and
+# decommissioning the old ones.
+#
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides:
+#
+# SimpleSnitch:
+# Treats Strategy order as proximity. This can improve cache
+# locality when disabling read repair. Only appropriate for
+# single-datacenter deployments.
+#
+# GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+# This should be your go-to snitch for production use. The rack
+# and datacenter for the local node are defined in
+# cassandra-rackdc.properties and propagated to other nodes via
+# gossip. If cassandra-topology.properties exists, it is used as a
+# fallback, allowing migration from the PropertyFileSnitch.
+#
+# PropertyFileSnitch:
+# Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+# explicitly configured in cassandra-topology.properties.
+#
+# Ec2Snitch:
+# Appropriate for EC2 deployments in a single Region. Loads Region
+# and Availability Zone information from the EC2 API. The Region is
+# treated as the datacenter, and the Availability Zone as the rack.
+# Only private IPs are used, so this will not work across multiple
+# Regions.
+#
+# Ec2MultiRegionSnitch:
+# Uses public IPs as broadcast_address to allow cross-region
+# connectivity. (Thus, you should set seed addresses to the public
+# IP as well.) You will need to open the storage_port or
+# ssl_storage_port on the public IP firewall. (For intra-Region
+# traffic, Cassandra will switch to the private IP after
+# establishing a connection.)
+#
+# RackInferringSnitch:
+# Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+# assumed to correspond to the 3rd and 2nd octet of each node's IP
+# address, respectively. Unless this happens to match your
+# deployment conventions, this is best used as an example of
+# writing a custom Snitch class and is provided in that spirit.
+#
+# You can use a custom Snitch by setting this to the full class name
+# of the snitch, which will be assumed to be on your classpath.
+endpoint_snitch: SimpleSnitch
+
+# controls how often to perform the more expensive part of host score
+# calculation
+# Min unit: ms
+dynamic_snitch_update_interval: 100ms
+# controls how often to reset all host scores, allowing a bad host to
+# possibly recover
+# Min unit: ms
+dynamic_snitch_reset_interval: 600000ms
+# if set greater than zero, this will allow
+# 'pinning' of replicas to hosts in order to increase cache capacity.
+# The badness threshold will control how much worse the pinned host has to be
+# before the dynamic snitch will prefer other replicas over it. This is
+# expressed as a double which represents a percentage. Thus, a value of
+# 0.2 means Cassandra would continue to prefer the static snitch values
+# until the pinned host was 20% worse than the fastest.
+dynamic_snitch_badness_threshold: 1.0
+
+# Configure server-to-server internode encryption
+#
+# JVM and netty defaults for supported SSL socket protocols and cipher suites can
+# be replaced using custom encryption options. This is not recommended
+# unless you have policies in place that dictate certain settings, or
+# need to disable vulnerable ciphers or protocols in case the JVM cannot
+# be updated.
+#
+# FIPS compliant settings can be configured at JVM level and should not
+# involve changing encryption settings here:
+# https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/FIPS.html
+#
+# **NOTE** this default configuration is an insecure configuration. If you need to
+# enable server-to-server encryption generate server keystores (and truststores for mutual
+# authentication) per:
+# http://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore
+# Then perform the following configuration changes:
+#
+# Step 1: Set internode_encryption= and explicitly set optional=true. Restart all nodes
+#
+# Step 2: Set optional=false (or remove it) and if you generated truststores and want to use mutual
+# auth set require_client_auth=true. Restart all nodes
+server_encryption_options:
+ # On outbound connections, determine which type of peers to securely connect to.
+ # The available options are :
+ # none : Do not encrypt outgoing connections
+ # dc : Encrypt connections to peers in other datacenters but not within datacenters
+ # rack : Encrypt connections to peers in other racks but not within racks
+ # all : Always use encrypted connections
+ internode_encryption: none
+ # When set to true, encrypted and unencrypted connections are allowed on the storage_port
+ # This should _only be true_ while in unencrypted or transitional operation
+ # optional defaults to true if internode_encryption is none
+ # optional: true
+ # If enabled, will open up an encrypted listening socket on ssl_storage_port. Should only be used
+ # during upgrade to 4.0; otherwise, set to false.
+ legacy_ssl_storage_port_enabled: false
+ # Set to a valid keystore if internode_encryption is dc, rack or all
+ keystore: conf/.keystore
+ keystore_password: cassandra
+ # Configure the way Cassandra creates SSL contexts.
+ # To use PEM-based key material, see org.apache.cassandra.security.PEMBasedSslContextFactory
+ # ssl_context_factory:
+ # # Must be an instance of org.apache.cassandra.security.ISslContextFactory
+ # class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.DefaultSslContextFactory
+ # Verify peer server certificates
+ require_client_auth: false
+ # Set to a valid trustore if require_client_auth is true
+ truststore: conf/.truststore
+ truststore_password: cassandra
+ # Verify that the host name in the certificate matches the connected host
+ require_endpoint_verification: false
+ # More advanced defaults:
+ # protocol: TLS
+ # store_type: JKS
+ # cipher_suites: [
+ # TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+ # TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+ # TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+ # TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+ # ]
+
+# Configure client-to-server encryption.
+#
+# **NOTE** this default configuration is an insecure configuration. If you need to
+# enable client-to-server encryption generate server keystores (and truststores for mutual
+# authentication) per:
+# http://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore
+# Then perform the following configuration changes:
+#
+# Step 1: Set enabled=true and explicitly set optional=true. Restart all nodes
+#
+# Step 2: Set optional=false (or remove it) and if you generated truststores and want to use mutual
+# auth set require_client_auth=true. Restart all nodes
+client_encryption_options:
+ # Enable client-to-server encryption
+ enabled: false
+ # When set to true, encrypted and unencrypted connections are allowed on the native_transport_port
+ # This should _only be true_ while in unencrypted or transitional operation
+ # optional defaults to true when enabled is false, and false when enabled is true.
+ # optional: true
+ # Set keystore and keystore_password to valid keystores if enabled is true
+ keystore: conf/.keystore
+ keystore_password: cassandra
+ # Configure the way Cassandra creates SSL contexts.
+ # To use PEM-based key material, see org.apache.cassandra.security.PEMBasedSslContextFactory
+ # ssl_context_factory:
+ # # Must be an instance of org.apache.cassandra.security.ISslContextFactory
+ # class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.DefaultSslContextFactory
+ # Verify client certificates
+ require_client_auth: false
+ # Set trustore and truststore_password if require_client_auth is true
+ # truststore: conf/.truststore
+ # truststore_password: cassandra
+ # More advanced defaults:
+ # protocol: TLS
+ # store_type: JKS
+ # cipher_suites: [
+ # TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+ # TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+ # TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+ # TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+ # ]
+
+# internode_compression controls whether traffic between nodes is
+# compressed.
+# Can be:
+#
+# all
+# all traffic is compressed
+#
+# dc
+# traffic between different datacenters is compressed
+#
+# none
+# nothing is compressed.
+internode_compression: dc
+
+# Enable or disable tcp_nodelay for inter-dc communication.
+# Disabling it will result in larger (but fewer) network packets being sent,
+# reducing overhead from the TCP protocol itself, at the cost of increasing
+# latency if you block for cross-datacenter responses.
+inter_dc_tcp_nodelay: false
+
+# TTL for different trace types used during logging of the repair process.
+# Min unit: s
+trace_type_query_ttl: 1d
+# Min unit: s
+trace_type_repair_ttl: 7d
+
+# If unset, all GC Pauses greater than gc_log_threshold will log at
+# INFO level
+# UDFs (user defined functions) are disabled by default.
+# As of Cassandra 3.0 there is a sandbox in place that should prevent execution of evil code.
+user_defined_functions_enabled: false
+
+# Enables scripted UDFs (JavaScript UDFs).
+# Java UDFs are always enabled, if user_defined_functions_enabled is true.
+# Enable this option to be able to use UDFs with "language javascript" or any custom JSR-223 provider.
+# This option has no effect, if user_defined_functions_enabled is false.
+scripted_user_defined_functions_enabled: false
+
+# Enables encrypting data at-rest (on disk). Different key providers can be plugged in, but the default reads from
+# a JCE-style keystore. A single keystore can hold multiple keys, but the one referenced by
+# the "key_alias" is the only key that will be used for encrypt opertaions; previously used keys
+# can still (and should!) be in the keystore and will be used on decrypt operations
+# (to handle the case of key rotation).
+#
+# It is strongly recommended to download and install Java Cryptography Extension (JCE)
+# Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files for your version of the JDK.
+# (current link: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce8-download-2133166.html)
+#
+# Currently, only the following file types are supported for transparent data encryption, although
+# more are coming in future cassandra releases: commitlog, hints
+transparent_data_encryption_options:
+ enabled: false
+ chunk_length_kb: 64
+ cipher: AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding
+ key_alias: testing:1
+ # CBC IV length for AES needs to be 16 bytes (which is also the default size)
+ # iv_length: 16
+ key_provider:
+ - class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.JKSKeyProvider
+ parameters:
+ - keystore: conf/.keystore
+ keystore_password: cassandra
+ store_type: JCEKS
+ key_password: cassandra
+
+
+#####################
+# SAFETY THRESHOLDS #
+#####################
+
+# When executing a scan, within or across a partition, we need to keep the
+# tombstones seen in memory so we can return them to the coordinator, which
+# will use them to make sure other replicas also know about the deleted rows.
+# With workloads that generate a lot of tombstones, this can cause performance
+# problems and even exaust the server heap.
+# (http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/cassandra-anti-patterns-queues-and-queue-like-datasets)
+# Adjust the thresholds here if you understand the dangers and want to
+# scan more tombstones anyway. These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime
+# using the StorageService mbean.
+tombstone_warn_threshold: 1000
+tombstone_failure_threshold: 100000
+
+# Filtering and secondary index queries at read consistency levels above ONE/LOCAL_ONE use a
+# mechanism called replica filtering protection to ensure that results from stale replicas do
+# not violate consistency. (See CASSANDRA-8272 and CASSANDRA-15907 for more details.) This
+# mechanism materializes replica results by partition on-heap at the coordinator. The more possibly
+# stale results returned by the replicas, the more rows materialized during the query.
+replica_filtering_protection:
+ # These thresholds exist to limit the damage severely out-of-date replicas can cause during these
+ # queries. They limit the number of rows from all replicas individual index and filtering queries
+ # can materialize on-heap to return correct results at the desired read consistency level.
+ #
+ # "cached_replica_rows_warn_threshold" is the per-query threshold at which a warning will be logged.
+ # "cached_replica_rows_fail_threshold" is the per-query threshold at which the query will fail.
+ #
+ # These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime using the StorageService mbean.
+ #
+ # If the failure threshold is breached, it is likely that either the current page/fetch size
+ # is too large or one or more replicas is severely out-of-sync and in need of repair.
+ cached_rows_warn_threshold: 2000
+ cached_rows_fail_threshold: 32000
+
+# Log WARN on any multiple-partition batch size exceeding this value. 5KiB per batch by default.
+# Caution should be taken on increasing the size of this threshold as it can lead to node instability.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batch_size_warn_threshold: 5KiB
+
+# Fail any multiple-partition batch exceeding this value. 50KiB (10x warn threshold) by default.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batch_size_fail_threshold: 50KiB
+
+# Log WARN on any batches not of type LOGGED than span across more partitions than this limit
+unlogged_batch_across_partitions_warn_threshold: 10
+
+# Log a warning when compacting partitions larger than this value
+compaction_large_partition_warning_threshold: 100MiB
+
+# Log a warning when writing more tombstones than this value to a partition
+compaction_tombstone_warning_threshold: 100000
+
+# GC Pauses greater than 200 ms will be logged at INFO level
+# This threshold can be adjusted to minimize logging if necessary
+# Min unit: ms
+# gc_log_threshold: 200ms
+
+# GC Pauses greater than gc_warn_threshold will be logged at WARN level
+# Adjust the threshold based on your application throughput requirement. Setting to 0
+# will deactivate the feature.
+# Min unit: ms
+# gc_warn_threshold: 1000ms
+
+# Maximum size of any value in SSTables. Safety measure to detect SSTable corruption
+# early. Any value size larger than this threshold will result into marking an SSTable
+# as corrupted. This should be positive and less than 2GiB.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# max_value_size: 256MiB
+
+# ** Impact on keyspace creation **
+# If replication factor is not mentioned as part of keyspace creation, default_keyspace_rf would apply.
+# Changing this configuration would only take effect for keyspaces created after the change, but does not impact
+# existing keyspaces created prior to the change.
+# ** Impact on keyspace alter **
+# When altering a keyspace from NetworkTopologyStrategy to SimpleStrategy, default_keyspace_rf is applied if rf is not
+# explicitly mentioned.
+# ** Impact on system keyspaces **
+# This would also apply for any system keyspaces that need replication factor.
+# A further note about system keyspaces - system_traces and system_distributed keyspaces take RF of 2 or default,
+# whichever is higher, and system_auth keyspace takes RF of 1 or default, whichever is higher.
+# Suggested value for use in production: 3
+# default_keyspace_rf: 1
+
+# Track a metric per keyspace indicating whether replication achieved the ideal consistency
+# level for writes without timing out. This is different from the consistency level requested by
+# each write which may be lower in order to facilitate availability.
+# ideal_consistency_level: EACH_QUORUM
+
+# Automatically upgrade sstables after upgrade - if there is no ordinary compaction to do, the
+# oldest non-upgraded sstable will get upgraded to the latest version
+# automatic_sstable_upgrade: false
+# Limit the number of concurrent sstable upgrades
+# max_concurrent_automatic_sstable_upgrades: 1
+
+# Audit logging - Logs every incoming CQL command request, authentication to a node. See the docs
+# on audit_logging for full details about the various configuration options.
+audit_logging_options:
+ enabled: false
+ logger:
+ - class_name: BinAuditLogger
+ # audit_logs_dir:
+ # included_keyspaces:
+ # excluded_keyspaces: system, system_schema, system_virtual_schema
+ # included_categories:
+ # excluded_categories:
+ # included_users:
+ # excluded_users:
+ # roll_cycle: HOURLY
+ # block: true
+ # max_queue_weight: 268435456 # 256 MiB
+ # max_log_size: 17179869184 # 16 GiB
+ ## archive command is "/path/to/script.sh %path" where %path is replaced with the file being rolled:
+ # archive_command:
+ # max_archive_retries: 10
+
+
+ # default options for full query logging - these can be overridden from command line when executing
+ # nodetool enablefullquerylog
+ # full_query_logging_options:
+ # log_dir:
+ # roll_cycle: HOURLY
+ # block: true
+ # max_queue_weight: 268435456 # 256 MiB
+ # max_log_size: 17179869184 # 16 GiB
+ ## archive command is "/path/to/script.sh %path" where %path is replaced with the file being rolled:
+ # archive_command:
+ ## note that enabling this allows anyone with JMX/nodetool access to run local shell commands as the user running cassandra
+ # allow_nodetool_archive_command: false
+ # max_archive_retries: 10
+
+# validate tombstones on reads and compaction
+# can be either "disabled", "warn" or "exception"
+# corrupted_tombstone_strategy: disabled
+
+# Diagnostic Events #
+# If enabled, diagnostic events can be helpful for troubleshooting operational issues. Emitted events contain details
+# on internal state and temporal relationships across events, accessible by clients via JMX.
+diagnostic_events_enabled: false
+
+# Use native transport TCP message coalescing. If on upgrade to 4.0 you found your throughput decreasing, and in
+# particular you run an old kernel or have very fewer client connections, this option might be worth evaluating.
+#native_transport_flush_in_batches_legacy: false
+
+# Enable tracking of repaired state of data during reads and comparison between replicas
+# Mismatches between the repaired sets of replicas can be characterized as either confirmed
+# or unconfirmed. In this context, unconfirmed indicates that the presence of pending repair
+# sessions, unrepaired partition tombstones, or some other condition means that the disparity
+# cannot be considered conclusive. Confirmed mismatches should be a trigger for investigation
+# as they may be indicative of corruption or data loss.
+# There are separate flags for range vs partition reads as single partition reads are only tracked
+# when CL > 1 and a digest mismatch occurs. Currently, range queries don't use digests so if
+# enabled for range reads, all range reads will include repaired data tracking. As this adds
+# some overhead, operators may wish to disable it whilst still enabling it for partition reads
+repaired_data_tracking_for_range_reads_enabled: false
+repaired_data_tracking_for_partition_reads_enabled: false
+# If false, only confirmed mismatches will be reported. If true, a separate metric for unconfirmed
+# mismatches will also be recorded. This is to avoid potential signal:noise issues are unconfirmed
+# mismatches are less actionable than confirmed ones.
+report_unconfirmed_repaired_data_mismatches: false
+
+# Having many tables and/or keyspaces negatively affects performance of many operations in the
+# cluster. When the number of tables/keyspaces in the cluster exceeds the following thresholds
+# a client warning will be sent back to the user when creating a table or keyspace.
+# As of cassandra 4.1, these properties are deprecated in favor of keyspaces_warn_threshold and tables_warn_threshold
+# table_count_warn_threshold: 150
+# keyspace_count_warn_threshold: 40
+
+# configure the read and write consistency levels for modifications to auth tables
+# auth_read_consistency_level: LOCAL_QUORUM
+# auth_write_consistency_level: EACH_QUORUM
+
+# Delays on auth resolution can lead to a thundering herd problem on reconnects; this option will enable
+# warming of auth caches prior to node completing startup. See CASSANDRA-16958
+# auth_cache_warming_enabled: false
+
+#########################
+# EXPERIMENTAL FEATURES #
+#########################
+
+# Enables materialized view creation on this node.
+# Materialized views are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.
+materialized_views_enabled: false
+
+# Enables SASI index creation on this node.
+# SASI indexes are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.
+sasi_indexes_enabled: true
+
+# Enables creation of transiently replicated keyspaces on this node.
+# Transient replication is experimental and is not recommended for production use.
+transient_replication_enabled: false
+
+# Enables the used of 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' statements on this node.
+# 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' is considered experimental and is not recommended for production use.
+drop_compact_storage_enabled: false
+
+# Whether or not USE is allowed. This is enabled by default to avoid failure on upgrade.
+#use_statements_enabled: true
+
+# When the client triggers a protocol exception or unknown issue (Cassandra bug) we increment
+# a client metric showing this; this logic will exclude specific subnets from updating these
+# metrics
+#client_error_reporting_exclusions:
+# subnets:
+# - 127.0.0.1
+# - 127.0.0.0/31
+
+# Enables read thresholds (warn/fail) across all replicas for reporting back to the client.
+# See: CASSANDRA-16850
+# read_thresholds_enabled: false # scheduled to be set true in 4.2
+# When read_thresholds_enabled: true, this tracks the materialized size of a query on the
+# coordinator. If coordinator_read_size_warn_threshold is defined, this will emit a warning
+# to clients with details on what query triggered this as well as the size of the result set; if
+# coordinator_read_size_fail_threshold is defined, this will fail the query after it
+# has exceeded this threshold, returning a read error to the user.
+# coordinator_read_size_warn_threshold:
+# coordinator_read_size_fail_threshold:
+# When read_thresholds_enabled: true, this tracks the size of the local read (as defined by
+# heap size), and will warn/fail based off these thresholds; undefined disables these checks.
+# local_read_size_warn_threshold:
+# local_read_size_fail_threshold:
+# When read_thresholds_enabled: true, this tracks the expected memory size of the RowIndexEntry
+# and will warn/fail based off these thresholds; undefined disables these checks
+# row_index_read_size_warn_threshold:
+# row_index_read_size_fail_threshold:
+
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating more user keyspaces than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# keyspaces_warn_threshold: -1
+# keyspaces_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating more user tables than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# tables_warn_threshold: -1
+# tables_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to enable or disable the ability to create uncompressed tables
+# uncompressed_tables_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating/altering a table with more columns per table than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# columns_per_table_warn_threshold: -1
+# columns_per_table_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating more secondary indexes per table than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# secondary_indexes_per_table_warn_threshold: -1
+# secondary_indexes_per_table_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to enable or disable the creation of secondary indexes
+# secondary_indexes_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating more materialized views per table than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# materialized_views_per_table_warn_threshold: -1
+# materialized_views_per_table_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn about, ignore or reject properties when creating tables. By default all properties are allowed.
+# table_properties_warned: []
+# table_properties_ignored: []
+# table_properties_disallowed: []
+# Guardrail to allow/disallow user-provided timestamps. Defaults to true.
+# user_timestamps_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to allow/disallow GROUP BY functionality.
+# group_by_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to allow/disallow TRUNCATE and DROP TABLE statements
+# drop_truncate_table_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when using a page size greater than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# page_size_warn_threshold: -1
+# page_size_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to allow/disallow list operations that require read before write, i.e. setting list element by index and
+# removing list elements by either index or value. Defaults to true.
+# read_before_write_list_operations_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when querying with an IN restriction selecting more partition keys than threshold.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# partition_keys_in_select_warn_threshold: -1
+# partition_keys_in_select_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when an IN query creates a cartesian product with a size exceeding threshold,
+# eg. "a in (1,2,...10) and b in (1,2...10)" results in cartesian product of 100.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# in_select_cartesian_product_warn_threshold: -1
+# in_select_cartesian_product_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn about or reject read consistency levels. By default, all consistency levels are allowed.
+# read_consistency_levels_warned: []
+# read_consistency_levels_disallowed: []
+# Guardrail to warn about or reject write consistency levels. By default, all consistency levels are allowed.
+# write_consistency_levels_warned: []
+# write_consistency_levels_disallowed: []
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when encountering larger size of collection data than threshold.
+# At query time this guardrail is applied only to the collection fragment that is being writen, even though in the case
+# of non-frozen collections there could be unaccounted parts of the collection on the sstables. This is done this way to
+# prevent read-before-write. The guardrail is also checked at sstable write time to detect large non-frozen collections,
+# although in that case exceeding the fail threshold will only log an error message, without interrupting the operation.
+# The two thresholds default to null to disable.
+# Min unit: B
+# collection_size_warn_threshold:
+# Min unit: B
+# collection_size_fail_threshold:
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when encountering more elements in collection than threshold.
+# At query time this guardrail is applied only to the collection fragment that is being writen, even though in the case
+# of non-frozen collections there could be unaccounted parts of the collection on the sstables. This is done this way to
+# prevent read-before-write. The guardrail is also checked at sstable write time to detect large non-frozen collections,
+# although in that case exceeding the fail threshold will only log an error message, without interrupting the operation.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# items_per_collection_warn_threshold: -1
+# items_per_collection_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to allow/disallow querying with ALLOW FILTERING. Defaults to true.
+# allow_filtering_enabled: true
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when creating a user-defined-type with more fields in than threshold.
+# Default -1 to disable.
+# fields_per_udt_warn_threshold: -1
+# fields_per_udt_fail_threshold: -1
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when local data disk usage percentage exceeds threshold. Valid values are in [1, 100].
+# This is only used for the disks storing data directories, so it won't count any separate disks used for storing
+# the commitlog, hints nor saved caches. The disk usage is the ratio between the amount of space used by the data
+# directories and the addition of that same space and the remaining free space on disk. The main purpose of this
+# guardrail is rejecting user writes when the disks are over the defined usage percentage, so the writes done by
+# background processes such as compaction and streaming don't fail due to a full disk. The limits should be defined
+# accordingly to the expected data growth due to those background processes, so for example a compaction strategy
+# doubling the size of the data would require to keep the disk usage under 50%.
+# The two thresholds default to -1 to disable.
+# data_disk_usage_percentage_warn_threshold: -1
+# data_disk_usage_percentage_fail_threshold: -1
+# Allows defining the max disk size of the data directories when calculating thresholds for
+# disk_usage_percentage_warn_threshold and disk_usage_percentage_fail_threshold, so if this is greater than zero they
+# become percentages of a fixed size on disk instead of percentages of the physically available disk size. This should
+# be useful when we have a large disk and we only want to use a part of it for Cassandra's data directories.
+# Valid values are in [1, max available disk size of all data directories].
+# Defaults to null to disable and use the physically available disk size of data directories during calculations.
+# Min unit: B
+# data_disk_usage_max_disk_size:
+# Guardrail to warn or fail when the minimum replication factor is lesser than threshold.
+# This would also apply to system keyspaces.
+# Suggested value for use in production: 2 or higher
+# minimum_replication_factor_warn_threshold: -1
+# minimum_replication_factor_fail_threshold: -1
+
+# Startup Checks are executed as part of Cassandra startup process, not all of them
+# are configurable (so you can disable them) but these which are enumerated bellow.
+# Uncomment the startup checks and configure them appropriately to cover your needs.
+#
+#startup_checks:
+# Verifies correct ownership of attached locations on disk at startup. See CASSANDRA-16879 for more details.
+# check_filesystem_ownership:
+# enabled: false
+# ownership_token: "sometoken" # (overriden by "CassandraOwnershipToken" system property)
+# ownership_filename: ".cassandra_fs_ownership" # (overriden by "cassandra.fs_ownership_filename")
+# Prevents a node from starting if snitch's data center differs from previous data center.
+# check_dc:
+# enabled: true # (overriden by cassandra.ignore_dc system property)
+# Prevents a node from starting if snitch's rack differs from previous rack.
+# check_rack:
+# enabled: true # (overriden by cassandra.ignore_rack system property)
+# Enable this property to fail startup if the node is down for longer than gc_grace_seconds, to potentially
+# prevent data resurrection on tables with deletes. By default, this will run against all keyspaces and tables
+# except the ones specified on excluded_keyspaces and excluded_tables.
+# check_data_resurrection:
+# enabled: false
+# file where Cassandra periodically writes the last time it was known to run
+# heartbeat_file: /var/lib/cassandra/data/cassandra-heartbeat
+# excluded_keyspaces: # comma separated list of keyspaces to exclude from the check
+# excluded_tables: # comma separated list of keyspace.table pairs to exclude from the check
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9340cc127e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/storage-cassandra/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/pom.xml b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/pom.xml
index 66c0033b42c..2a28a6d637e 100644
--- a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/pom.xml
+++ b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/pom.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
zipkin-dependency-storage-jdbc
zipkin-dependency-storage-elasticsearch
zipkin-dependency-storage-banyandb
+ zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra
diff --git a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/pom.xml b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..608e090ce3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+
+
+ zipkin-storage-ext
+ io.zipkin
+ 2.24.4-SNAPSHOT
+
+ 4.0.0
+
+ zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra
+ Zipkin Dependency Cassandra Extension
+
+
+
+ io.zipkin
+ storage-cassandra
+ ${project.version}
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO.java b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2bade9c37b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2023 The OpenZipkin Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package zipkin.server.dependency.storage.cassandra;
+
+import org.apache.skywalking.zipkin.dependency.entity.ZipkinDependency;
+import zipkin.server.dependency.IZipkinDependencyQueryDAO;
+import zipkin.server.storage.cassandra.CassandraClient;
+import zipkin2.DependencyLink;
+import zipkin2.internal.DateUtil;
+import zipkin2.internal.DependencyLinker;
+import zipkin2.internal.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO implements IZipkinDependencyQueryDAO {
+ private CassandraClient client;
+ @Override
+ public List getDependencies(long endTs, long lookback) throws IOException {
+ return DependencyLinker.merge(client.executeQuery("SELECT parent,child,call_count,error_count from " + ZipkinDependency.INDEX_NAME +
+ " where " + ZipkinDependency.DAY + " in ? ", r -> DependencyLink.newBuilder()
+ .parent(r.getString(ZipkinDependency.PARENT))
+ .child(r.getString(ZipkinDependency.CHILD))
+ .callCount(r.getLong(ZipkinDependency.CALL_COUNT))
+ .errorCount(r.getLong(ZipkinDependency.ERROR_COUNT)).build(), getDays(endTs, lookback)));
+ }
+
+ public void setClient(CassandraClient client) {
+ this.client = client;
+ }
+
+ List getDays(long endTs, @Nullable Long lookback) {
+ List result = new ArrayList<>();
+ for (long epochMillis : DateUtil.epochDays(endTs, lookback)) {
+ result.add(Instant.ofEpochMilli(epochMillis).atZone(ZoneOffset.UTC).toLocalDate());
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraStorageProvider.java b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraStorageProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5d3ab56cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/java/zipkin/server/dependency/storage/cassandra/ZipkinDependencyCassandraStorageProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2023 The OpenZipkin Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package zipkin.server.dependency.storage.cassandra;
+
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.CoreModule;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.StorageModule;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleConfig;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleDefine;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleStartException;
+import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ServiceNotProvidedException;
+import zipkin.server.dependency.IZipkinDependencyQueryDAO;
+import zipkin.server.dependency.ZipkinDependencyModule;
+import zipkin.server.storage.cassandra.CassandraClient;
+import zipkin.server.storage.cassandra.CassandraConfig;
+import zipkin.server.storage.cassandra.CassandraProvider;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+public class ZipkinDependencyCassandraStorageProvider extends ModuleProvider {
+ private CassandraConfig config;
+ private ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO queryDAO;
+
+ @Override
+ public String name() {
+ return "cassandra";
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public Class module() {
+ return ZipkinDependencyModule.class;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public ConfigCreator newConfigCreator() {
+ return new ConfigCreator() {
+
+ @Override
+ public Class type() {
+ return CassandraConfig.class;
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void onInitialized(CassandraConfig initialized) {
+ config = initialized;
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void prepare() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
+ this.queryDAO = new ZipkinDependencyCassandraQueryDAO();
+ this.registerServiceImplementation(IZipkinDependencyQueryDAO.class, queryDAO);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void start() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
+ CassandraProvider provider =
+ (CassandraProvider) getManager().find(StorageModule.NAME).provider();
+ try {
+ Field field = CassandraProvider.class.getDeclaredField("client");
+ field.setAccessible(true);
+ CassandraClient client = (CassandraClient) field.get(provider);
+ queryDAO.setClient(client);
+ } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+ throw new ModuleStartException("Failed to get CassandraStorageClient.", e);
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String[] requiredModules() {
+ return new String[] {CoreModule.NAME, StorageModule.NAME};
+ }
+}
diff --git a/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd4f7427cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zipkin-server/zipkin-storage-ext/zipkin-dependency-storage-cassandra/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleProvider
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+#
+
+zipkin.server.dependency.storage.cassandra.ZipkinDependencyCassandraStorageProvider
\ No newline at end of file