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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
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<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
5.6
</h2>

<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/CaptainTedu.jpg">
<img width="227" height="343" src="images/CaptainTedu.jpg" alt="Captain Tedu"></a>
<td>
Released Nov 1, 2014<br>
Copyright 1997-2014, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<cite class=isbn>ISBN 978-0-9881561-4-2</cite>
<br>
5.6 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#56">"Ride of the Valkyries"</a>
<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
    a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/5.6/</code> directory on
    one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata56.html">the 5.6 errata page</a> for a list
    of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus56.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
    5.5 and 5.6 releases.
<p>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
    pubkeys for this release:<p>

<table class=signify>
<tr><td>
openbsd-56-base.pub:
<td>
RWR0EANmo9nqhpPbPUZDIBcRtrVcRwQxZ8UKGWY8Ui4RHi229KFL84wV
<tr><td>
openbsd-56-fw.pub:
<td>
RWT4e3jpYgSeLYs62aDsUkcvHR7+so5S/Fz/++B859j61rfNVcQTRxMw
<tr><td>
openbsd-56-pkg.pub:
<td>
RWSPEf7Vpp2j0PTDG+eLs5L700nlqBFzEcSmHuv3ypVUEOYwso+UucXb
</table>
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>

<hr>

<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 5.6.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus56.html">changelog</a> leading
to 5.6.

<ul>
<li>LibreSSL
    <ul>
    <li>This release forks OpenSSL into
    <a href="https://www.libressl.org">LibreSSL</a>, a version of the TLS/crypto
    stack with goals of modernizing the codebase, improving security, and
    applying best practice development processes.
    <li>No support for legacy MacOS, Netware, OS/2, VMS and Windows platforms,
    as well as antique compilers.
    <li>Removal of the IBM 4758, Broadcom ubsec, Sureware, Nuron, GOST, GMP,
    CSwift, CHIL, CAPI, Atalla and AEP engines, either because the hardware is
    irrelevant, or because they require external non-free libraries to work.
    <li>No support for FIPS-140 compliance.
    <li>No EBCDIC support.
    <li>No support for big-endian i386 and amd64 platforms.
    <li>Use standard routines from the C library (malloc, strdup, snprintf...)
    instead of rolling our own, sometimes badly.
    <li>Remove the old OpenSSL PRNG, and rely upon arc4random_buf from libc for
    all the entropy needs.
    <li>Remove the MD2 and SEED algorithms.
    <li>Remove J-PAKE, PSK and SRP (mis)features.
    <li>Aggressive cleaning of BN memory when no longer used.
    <li>No support for Kerberos.
    <li>No support for SSLv2.
    <li>No support for the questionable DTLS heartbeat extension.
    <li>No support for TLS compression.
    <li>No support for US-Export SSL ciphers.
    <li>Do not use the current time as a random seed in libssl.
    <li>Support for ChaCha and Poly1305 algorithm.
    <li>Support for Brainpool and ANSSI elliptic curves.
    <li>Support for AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 AEAD modes.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Improved hardware support, including:
    <ul>
    <li>SCSI Multipathing support via <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/mpath.4">mpath(4)</a> and associated path drivers on several architectures.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/qlw.4">qlw(4)</a> driver for QLogic ISP SCSI HBAs.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/qla.4">qla(4)</a> driver for QLogic ISP2100/2200/2300 Fibre Channel HBAs.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/upd.4">upd(4)</a> sensor driver for USB Power Devices (UPS).
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/brswphy.4">brswphy(4)</a> driver for Broadcom BCM53xx 10/100/1000TX Ethernet PHYs.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/uscom.4">uscom(4)</a> driver for simple USB serial adapters.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/axen.4">axen(4)</a> driver for ASIX Electronics AX88179 10/100/Gigabit USB Ethernet devices.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/inteldrm.4">inteldrm(4)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/radeondrm.4">radeondrm(4)</a> drivers have improved suspend/resume support.
    <li>The userland interface for the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/agp.4">agp(4)</a> driver has been removed.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/rtsx.4">rtsx(4)</a> driver now supports card readers based on the RTS5227 and RTL8402 chipsets.
    <li>The firmware for the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/run.4">run(4)</a> driver has been updated to version 0.33.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/run.4">run(4)</a> driver now supports devices based on the RT3900E chipset.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/zyd.4">zyd(4)</a> driver, which was broken for some time, has been fixed.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/bwi.4">bwi(4)</a> driver now works in systems with more than 1GB of RAM.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/re.4">re(4)</a> driver now supports devices based on the RTL8168EP/8111EP, RTL8168G/8111G, and RTL8168GU/8111GU chipsets.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Generic network stack improvements:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/divert.4">divert(4)</a> now supports checksum offload.
    <li>IPv6 is now turned off on new interfaces by default. Assigning an IPv6 address will enable IPv6 on an interface.
    <li>Support for RFC4620 IPv6 Node Information Queries has been removed.
    <li>The kernel no longer supports the SO_DONTROUTE socket option.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/getaddrinfo.3">getaddrinfo(3)</a> function now supports the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag defined in RFC 3493.
    <li>Include router alert option (RAO) in IGMP packets, as required by RFC2236.
    <li>ALTQ has been removed.
    <li>The hash table for Protocol Control Block (PCB) of TCP and UDP now resize automatically on load.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Installer improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>Remove ftp and tape as install methods.
    <li>Preserve the disklabel (and next 6 blocks) when installing boot block on
4k-sector disk drives.
    <li>Change the "Server?" question to "HTTP Server?" to allow unambiguous <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/autoinstall.8">autoinstall(8)</a> handling.
    <li>Allow <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/autoinstall.8">autoinstall(8)</a> to fetch and install sets from multiple locations.
    <li>Many sample configuration files have moved from /etc to /etc/examples.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>When used with the -v flag, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a> now shows the actual bad checksum within the IP/protocol header itself and what the good checksum should be.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/ftp.1">ftp(1)</a> now allows its User-Agent to be changed via the -U command-line option.
    <li>The -r option of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ping.8">ping(8)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a> has been removed.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a> can now explicitly assign an IPv6 link-local address and turn IPv6 autoconf on or off.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a> has been made smarter about parsing WEP keys on the command line.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a> scan now shows the encryption type of wireless networks (WEP, WPA, WPA2, 802.1x).
    <li>MS-CHAPv1 (RFC2433) support has been removed from <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/pppd.8">pppd(8)</a>.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/traceroute6.8">traceroute6(8)</a>
        has been merged into
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a>.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/asr_run.3">asr API</a>
        for asynchronous address resolution and nameserver querying is now public.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/pflow.4">pflow(4)</a>'s
        pflowproto 9 has been removed.
    <li>The userland ppp(8) daemon and its associated PPPoE helper, pppoe(8), have been removed.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a>,
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/snmpctl.8">snmpctl(8)</a>, and
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
        now communicate via the AgentX protocol.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
        has a new filtering subsystem, where the new configuration language uses last-matching pf-like rules.
    <li>The new
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
        filter rules now support URL-based relaying.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
        now uses privilege separation for private keys.  This acts as an additional mitigation to
        prevent leakage of the private keys from the processes doing SSL/TLS.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>
        HTTP server with FastCGI and SSL support.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>OpenSMTPD 5.4.3 (includes changes to 5.4.2):
    <ul>
    <li>New/changed features:
      <ul>
      <li>OpenSMTPD replaces Sendmail as the default MTA.
      <li>Queue process now runs under a different user for better isolation.
      <li>Merged MDA, MTA and SMTP processes into a single unprivileged process.
      <li>Killed the MFA process, it is no longer needed.
      <li>Added support for email addresses lookups in the
	<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man5/table.5">table_db</a> backend.
      <li>Added RSA privilege separation support to prevent possible private key leakage.
      </ul>
    <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
      <ul>
	<li>Minor bug fixes in some corner cases of the routing logic.
	<li>The enqueuer no longer adds its own User-Agent.
	<li>Disabled profiling code, allowing all processes to rest rather than waking up every second.
	<li>Reworked the purge task to avoid disk-hits unless necessary... only once at startup.
	<li>Fix various header parsing bugs in the local enqueuer.
	<li>Assorted minor fixes and code cleanups.
      </ul>
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Security improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>Changed the heuristics of the stack protector to also protect functions with local array definitions and references to local frame addresses.  This matches the -fstack-protector-strong option of upstream GCC.
    <li>Position-independent executables (PIE) are now used by default on powerpc.
    <li>Removed Kerberos.
    <li>Default bcrypt hash type is now $2b$.
    <li>Remove md5crypt support.
    <li>Improved easier to use bcrypt API is now available.
    <li>Increase randomness of random mmap mappings.
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man2/getentropy.2">getentropy(2)</a>.
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/timingsafe_memcmp.3">timingsafe_memcmp(3)</a>.
    <li>Removed the MD4 hash algorithm and functions from
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/cksum.1">cksum(1)</a>,
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/skey.1">S/Key</a>,
        and libc.
    <li>gets(3) has been removed.
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/reallocarray.3">reallocarray(3)</a>,
        which allows multiple sized objects to be allocated without the cost of
        clearing memory while avoiding possible integer overflows.
    <li>Extended <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/fread.3">fread(3)</a> and
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/fwrite.3">fwrite(3)</a>
        to check for integer overflows.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Assorted improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>locate databases for both base and xenocara, as
    <code>/usr/lib/locate/src.db</code> and
    <code>/usr/X11R6/lib/locate/xorg.db</code>.
    <li>Much faster package updates, due to package contents reordering that
    precludes re-downloading unchanged files.
    <li>Fix many programs that failed when accessing disks having sector sizes other than 512 bytes, including
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/badsect.8">badsect(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/df.1">df(1)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dump.8">dump(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dumpfs.8">dumpfs(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/fsck_ext2fs.8">fsck_ext2fs(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/fsck_ffs.8">fsck_ffs(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/fsdb.8">fsdb(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/growfs.8">growfs(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ncheck_ffs.8">ncheck_ffs(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/quotacheck.8">quotacheck(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/tunefs.8">tunefs(8)</a>.
    <li>Constrain MSDOS timestamps to 1/1/1980 through 12/31/2107.  64-bit
time_t values outside that range are stored as 1/1/1980.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man6/bs.6">bs(6)</a> now prints a battleship splash screen.
    <li>rcp, rsh, rshd, rwho, rwhod, ruptime, asa, bdes, fpr, mkstr, page, spray, xstr, oldrdist, fsplit, uyap, and bluetooth have been removed.
    <li>rmail(8) and uucpd(8) have been removed from the base system and added to the ports tree.
    <li>Lynx has been removed from the base system and added to the ports tree.
    <li>TCP Wrappers have been removed.
    <li>Fix <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/atexit.3">atexit(3)</a> recursive handlers.
    <li>Enhance
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/disklabel.8">disklabel(8)</a> to recover filesystem mountpoint information when reading saved ascii labels.
    <li>Properly handle
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/msgbuf_write.3">msgbuf_write(3)</a> EOF conditions, including uses in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>.
    <li>Constrain <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> '-l' to disk sizes of 64 blocks or more.
    <li>Sync <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> built-in MBR with current /usr/mdec/mbr.
    <li>Quiet <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> '-q' even more.
    <li>Log less redundant <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> info.
    <li>New leases, lease renewals, cable state changes more obvious to applications monitoring <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> files.
    <li>Preserve chronological order of leases in the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man5/dhclient.leases.5">dhclient.leases(5)</a> leases files.
    <li>Use 'lease {}' statements in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man5/dhclient.conf.5">dhclient.conf(5)</a>, allowing interfaces to get an address when no dynamic lease is available.
    <li>Improve <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> parsing and printing of classless static routes.
    <li>Eliminate unnecessary rewrites of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man5/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a> by <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>.
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man2/sendsyslog.2">sendsyslog(2)</a>: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/syslog.3">syslog(3)</a> now works even when out of file descriptors or in a chroot.
    <li>Added
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/errc.3">errc(3)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/verrc.3">verrc(3)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/warnc.3">warnc(3)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/vwarnc.3">vwarnc(3)</a>.
    <li>Faster hibernate/unhibernate performance on amd64 and i386 platforms.
    <li>Support hibernating to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> crypto volumes.
    <li>Improved performance of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man3/seekdir.3">seekdir(3)</a> to start of current buffer.
    <li>Added &lt;endian.h&gt; per the revision of the POSIX spec in progress.
    <li>Apache has been removed.
    <li>Read support for ext4 filesystems.
    <li>Reworked mplocks as ticket locks instead of spinlocks on amd64, i386, and sparc64. This provides fairer access to the kernel lock between logical CPUs, especially in multi socket systems.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>OpenSSH 6.7
    <ul>
    <li>Potentially-incompatible changes:
      <ul>
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        The default set of ciphers and <i>MAC</i>s has been altered to remove
        unsafe algorithms.  In particular, <i>CBC ciphers</i> and
        <i>arcfour*</i> are disabled by default.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Support for <i>tcpwrappers</i>/<i>libwrap</i> has been removed.
      <li>OpenSSH 6.5 and 6.6 have a bug that causes ~0.2% of connections
        using the "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org" <i>KEX exchange method</i>
        to fail when connecting with something that implements the
        specification correctly.  OpenSSH 6.7 disables this KEX method when
        speaking to one of the affected versions.
      </ul>
    <li>New/changed features:
      <ul>
      <li>Major internal refactoring to begin to make part of OpenSSH usable
        as a library.  So far the wire parsing, key handling and KRL code
        has been refactored.  Please note that we do not consider the API
        stable yet, nor do we offer the library in separable form.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Add support for <i>Unix domain socket</i> forwarding.  A remote TCP
        port may be forwarded to a local Unix domain socket and vice versa or
        both ends may be a Unix domain socket.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
        Add support for <i>SSHFP DNS records</i> for <i>Ed2551</i>9 key types.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
        Allow resumption of interrupted uploads.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        When rekeying, skip file/DNS lookups of the hostkey if it is the same
        as the one sent during initial key exchange.  (bz#2154)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Allow explicit ::1 and 127.0.0.1 forwarding bind addresses when
        <code>GatewayPorts=no</code>; allows client to choose address family.
        (bz#2222)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Add a
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>
        <code>PermitUserRC</code> option to control whether <code>~/.ssh/rc</code> is
        executed, mirroring the <code>no-user-rc</code> authorized_keys option.
        (bz#2160)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        Add a %C escape sequence for <code>LocalCommand</code> and
        <code>ControlPath</code> that expands to a unique identifier based on a
        hash of the tuple of (local host, remote user, hostname, port).  Helps
        avoid exceeding miserly pathname limits for Unix domain sockets in
        multiplexing control paths.  (bz#2220)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Make the "Too many authentication failures" message include the user,
        source address, port and protocol in a format similar to the
        authentication success/failure messages.  (bz#2199)
      <li>Added <i>unit</i> and <i>fuzz</i> tests for refactored code.
      </ul>
    <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
      <ul>
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Fix remote forwarding with same listen port but different listen
        address.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        Fix inverted test that caused <i>PKCS#11</i> keys that were explicitly
        listed in
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5">ssh_config(5)</a>
        or on the commandline not to be preferred.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
        Fix bug in KRL generation: multiple consecutive revoked certificate
        serial number ranges could be serialised to an invalid format.
        Readers of a broken KRL caused by this bug will fail closed, so no
        should-have-been-revoked key will be accepted.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        Reflect stdio-forward ("<code>ssh -W host:port ...</code>") failures in
        exit status.  Previously we were always returning 0.  (bz#2255)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
        Make Ed25519 keys' title fit properly in the randomart border.
        (bz#2247)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>:
        Only cleanup agent socket in the main agent process and not in any
        subprocesses it may have started (e.g. forked askpass).  Fixes agent
        sockets being zapped when askpass processes <i>fatal()</i>.  (bz#2236)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>:
        Make stdout line-buffered; saves partial output getting lost when
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>
        <i>fatal()</i>s part-way through (e.g. when listing keys from an
        agent that supports key types that
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>
        doesn't).  (bz#2234)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
        When hashing or removing hosts, don't choke on "@revoked" markers and
        don't remove "@cert-authority" markers.  (bz#2241)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        Don't fatal when hostname canonicalisation fails and a
        <code>ProxyCommand</code> is in use; continue and allow the
        <code>ProxyCommand</code> to connect anyway (e.g. to a host with a name
        outside the DNS behind a bastion).
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>:
        When copying local->remote fails during read, don't send uninitialised
        heap to the remote end.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
        Fix fatal "el_insertstr failed" errors when tab-completing filenames
        with a single quote char somewhere in the string.  (bz#2238)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keyscan.1">ssh-keyscan(1)</a>:
        Scan for Ed25519 keys by default.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        When using <code>VerifyHostKeyDNS</code> with a DNSSEC resolver,
        down-convert any certificate keys to plain keys and attempt SSHFP
        resolution.  Prevents a server from skipping SSHFP lookup and forcing
        a new-hostkey dialog by offering only certificate keys.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        Avoid crash at exit via NULL pointer reference.  (bz#2225)
      <li>Fix some strict-alignment errors.
      </ul>
    </ul>
<p>
<li>mandoc 1.13.0:
    <ul>
    <li>New implementation of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apropos.1">apropos(1)</a>,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/whatis.1">whatis(1)</a>,
      and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makewhatis.8">makewhatis(8)</a> based on SQLite3 databases.
    <li>Substantial improvements of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a> error and warning messages.
    <li>Almost complete implementation of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/roff.7">roff(7)</a> numerical expressions.
    <li>About a dozen minor new features and numerous bug fixes.
    </ul>

<p>
<li>Ports and packages:
    <ul>
    <li>Over 8,800 ports.
    </ul>
<p>
<li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
    <ul style="column-count: 4">
      <li>i386:       8588
      <li>sparc64:    7965
      <li>alpha:      6278
      <li>sh:         2626
      <li>amd64:      8588
      <li>powerpc:    8049
      <li>m88k:       2475
      <li>sparc:      3394
      <li>arm:        5633
      <li>hppa:       6143
      <li>vax:        1995
      <li>mips64:     4686
      <li>mips64el:   6697
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Some highlights:
    <ul>
    <li>GNOME 3.12.2			<li>KDE 3.5.10
    <li>KDE 4.13.3
    <li>Xfce 4.10			<li>MySQL 5.1.73
    <li>PostgreSQL 9.3.4		<li>Postfix 2.11.1
    <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.39	<li>Mozilla Firefox 31.0
    <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 31.0	<li>GHC 7.6.3
    <li>LibreOffice 4.1.6.2		<li>Emacs 21.4 and 24.3
    <li>Vim 7.4.135			<li>PHP 5.3.28, 5.4.30 and 5.5.14
    <li>Python 2.7.8, 3.3.5 and 3.4.1	<li>Ruby 1.8.7.374, 1.9.3.545, 2.0.0.481 and 2.1.2
    <li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.15 and 8.6.1		<li>JDK 1.7.0.55
    <li>Mono 3.4.0			<li>Chromium 36.0.1985.125
    <li>Groff 1.22.2			<li>Go 1.3
    <li>GCC 4.6.4, 4.8.3 and 4.9.0	<li>LLVM/Clang 3.5 (20140228)
    <li>Node.js 0.10.28
    </ul>
<p>

<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<p>

<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
    <ul>
    <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.15.2 + patches,
      freetype 2.5.3, fontconfig 2.11.1, Mesa 10.2.3, xterm 309,
      xkeyboard-config 2.11 and more)
    <li>Gcc 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
    <li>Perl 5.18.2 (+ patches)
    <li>Nginx 1.6.0 (+ patches)
    <li>SQLite 3.8.4.3 (+ patches)
    <li>Sendmail 8.14.8, with libmilter
    <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
    <li>NSD 4.0.3
    <li>Unbound 1.4.22
    <li>Sudo 1.7.2p8
    <li>Ncurses 5.7
    <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
    <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
    <li>Less 458 (+ patches)
    <li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
    </ul>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
form of install.  The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
purchased a CDROM instead.
<p>

<hr>
Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 5.6 on your machine:
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/hppa/INSTALL.alpha">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/alpha/INSTALL.alpha (on CD1)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/i386/INSTALL.i386">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/i386/INSTALL.i386 (on CD1)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa (on CD1)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/amd64/INSTALL.amd64 (on CD2)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc (on CD2)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64 (on CD3)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc (on CD3)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/armish/INSTALL.armish">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/armish/INSTALL.armish</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/aviion/INSTALL.aviion">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/aviion/INSTALL.aviion</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/socppc/INSTALL.socppc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/socppc/INSTALL.socppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/sparc/INSTALL.sparc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/vax/INSTALL.vax">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/vax/INSTALL.vax</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.6/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus">
	.../OpenBSD/5.6/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus</a>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=quickinstall>

<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when
installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!

<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>

<p>
Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
<i>CD1:5.6/i386/floppy56.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.

<p>
Use <i>CD1:5.6/i386/floppyB56.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
support, or <i>CD1:5.6/i386/floppyC56.fs</i> for better laptop support.

<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install56.fs</i> or
<i>miniroot56.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.

<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.

<p>
To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located
at <i>CD1:5.6/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
use the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>
utility. The following is an example usage of
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>,
where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or
&quot;rfd0a&quot;.

<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
<a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>

<p>
The 5.6 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
your BIOS options first.
If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
To do this, write <i>CD2:5.6/amd64/floppy56.fs</i> to a floppy, then
boot from the floppy drive.

<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install56.fs</i> or
<i>miniroot56.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.

<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.

<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>

<p>
Burn the image from the FTP site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.

<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/5.6/macppc/bsd.rd</i>

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>

<p>
Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.

<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>CD3:5.6/sparc64/floppy56.fs</i> or <i>CD3:5.6/sparc64/floppyB56.fs</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
You can also write <i>CD3:5.6/sparc64/miniroot56.fs</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.

<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.

<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>5.6/alpha/floppy56.fs</i> or
<i>5.6/alpha/floppyB56.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<h3>OpenBSD/armish:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
More details are available in INSTALL.armish.

<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot56.fs</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.

<h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot56.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>

<p>
Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
from the PROM, and the bsd.rd from the bootloader.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>

<p>
To install, burn cd56.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
menu. Indigo/Indy/Indigo2 (R4000) systems will not boot automatically from
CD-ROM, and need a proper invocation from the PROM prompt.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.

<p>
If your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can setup a DHCP/tftp network
server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using the kernel matching your
system type. Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/socppc:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc:</h3>

<p>
Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot cdrom 5.6/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b sd(0,6,0)5.6/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
To do so you need to write <i>floppy56.fs</i> to a floppy.
For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.
To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot floppy</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b fd()</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
INSTALL.sparc file.

<h3>OpenBSD/vax:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.

<h3>OpenBSD/zaurus:</h3>

<p>
Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
openbsd56_arm.ipk package.  Reboot, then run it.  Read INSTALL.zaurus
for a few important details.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
in a separate archive.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 5.5 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade56.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go
read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cvs.1">cvs(1)</a> if
you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete
source tree, our ports tree is available via
<a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
So, in order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
# <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_5_6</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
packages for the 5.6 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>