47.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang=en id=release>
<meta charset=utf-8>

<title>OpenBSD 4.7</title>
<meta name="description" content="OpenBSD 4.7">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/47.html">

<h2 id=OpenBSD>
<a href="index.html">
<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
4.7
</h2>

<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/Superfish.jpg">
<img width="227" height="343" src="images/Superfish.jpg" alt="Superfish"></a>
<td>
Released May 19, 2010<br>
Copyright 1997-2010, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<cite class=isbn>ISBN 978-0-9784475-5-7</cite>
<br>
4.7 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#47">"I'm still here"</a>
<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
    a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/4.7/</code> directory on
    one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata47.html">The 4.7 Errata page</a> for a list
    of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus47.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
    4.6 and 4.7 releases.
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>

<hr>

<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 4.7.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus47.html">changelog</a> leading
to 4.7.
<p>

<ul>

<li>New/extended platforms:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="alpha.html">OpenBSD/alpha</a>
	<ul>
	<li>Added support for the DS15/DS25/ES45.
	</ul>
    <li><a href="loongson.html">OpenBSD/loongson</a><br>
	New platform for systems based on the Loongson 2E and 2F
	MIPS-compatible processors.  Supported machines include:
	<ul>
	<li>Lemote Fuloong 2F mini-PC
	<li>Lemote Lynloong all-in-one-PC
	<li>Lemote Yeeloong netbook (8.9" and 10.1" models)
	<li>EMTEC Gdium Liberty 1000 netbook
	</ul>
    <li><a href="sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
	<ul>
	<li>Added support for multi-node SGI Origin systems, in M mode.
	<li>Added support for the SGI Origin 350, Onyx 350, Onyx 4 and Tezro
	    systems.
	<li>Added SMP support on the SGI Octane.
	<li>Support for many more onboard devices on Octane and Origin
	    systems. (see below)
	</ul>
    <li><a href="socppc.html">OpenBSD/socppc</a>
	<ul>
	<li>Added support for the RouterBOARD RB600A.
	</ul>
    <li><a href="sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>
	<ul>
	<li>Preliminary support for running OpenBSD in a guest domain
	    on top of an OpenBSD control domain on sun4v machines.
	</ul>
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Improved hardware support, including:
    <ul>
    <li>Revamped SCSI midlayer and improved driver support.
    <li>UDF 2.5 and 2.6 (HDDVD and Blu-ray) disks support.
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpath.4">mpath(4)</a>,
      a driver that steals paths to scsi devices if they could be
      available via multiple paths and then made available
    via <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpath.4">mpath(4)</a>.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aibs.4">aibs(4)</a>
      driver for ASUSTeK AI Booster hardware monitoring.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uthum.4">uthum(4)</a>
      driver for the TEMPerHUM USB temperature and humidity sensors.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/utrh.4">utrh(4)</a>
      driver for USBRH temperature and humidity sensors.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uyurex.4">uyurex(4)</a>
      driver for the Maywa-denki & KAYAC YUREX twitch/jiggle of knee sensor.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/urndis.4">urndis(4)</a>
      driver for remote NDIS Ethernet over USB devices (phones).
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/wsudl.4">xf86-video-wsudl(4)</a>
       Xorg driver for USB DisplayLink devices supported by
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/udl.4">udl(4)</a>.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mpii.4">mpii(4)</a>
      driver for LSI Logic Fusion MPT Message Passing Interface II based SAS 2 controllers.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a>
      driver for Atheros IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network devices.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/alc.4">alc(4)</a>
      driver for Atheros AR8131/AR8132 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet devices.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lisa.4">lisa(4)</a>
      driver for STMicroelectronics LIS331DL MEMS motion sensors.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcu.4">gcu(4)</a>
      driver for Intel EP80579 Global Configuration Unit.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sparc64/lom.4">lom(4)</a>
      driver for LOMLite and LOMLite2 as found on many of Sun's UltraSPARC-IIi
      servers.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sparc64/vsw.4">vsw(4)</a>
      driver for virtual switches on sun4v machines.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sparc64/vds.4">vds(4)</a>
      driver for virtual disk servers on sun4v machines.
    <li>Support for EP80579 integrated Ethernet and ICH9 M V has been added to
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for 82599 and SFP+ 82598 devices has been added to
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ix.4">ix(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for the Sun GigabitEthernet SBus Adapter 1.0/1.1 has been added
        to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ti.4">ti(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for SBus variants of the QLogic Fibre Channel host adapters has
        been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/isp.4">isp(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for SBus variants of the Sun Gigabit Ethernet has
        been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gem.4">gem(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for Intel WiFi Link 1000 and Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200/Ultimate-N 6300
        has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for Ralink RT3572 based 802.11n devices
        has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/run.4">run(4)</a>.
    <li>VIA Tremor 5.1, M-Audio Revolution 5.1 cards
        has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/envy.4">envy(4)</a>.
    <li>New <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uhts.4">uhts(4)</a>
	driver for USB HID touchscreens.
    <li>Improved touchscreen support in
        the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ws.4">xf86-input-ws(4)</a>
        Xorg driver and improved calibration using the new device
        properties from Xinput.
    <li>Support for ON CAT6095 and ON CAT34TS02 temperature sensors added to
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdtemp.4">sdtemp(4)</a>.
    <li>Several improvements and bug fixes to existing Ethernet
      drivers, including
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/re.4">re(4)</a>,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ti.4">ti(4)</a>
      and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vge.4">vge(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for the <i>PIC</i> PCI-X controller added to the SGI
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/xbridge.4">xbridge(4)</a> driver.
    <li>Support for the onboard Fast Ethernet interface found on SGI Octane and
	many SGI Origin family systems,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/iec.4">iec(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for more SGI input and video devices on Octane and Origin systems, with
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/iockbc.4">iockbc(4)</a>,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/impact.4">impact(4)</a>,
      and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/odyssey.4">odyssey(4)</a>.
    <li>Improved PCI resource allocation; more hardware left unconfigured by
      the machine's firmware (including hotplugged hardware) should work now.
    <li>Support for recording/full-duplex added to
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sgi/mavb.4">mavb(4)</a>.
    <li>Improved support for USB audio devices in
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uaudio.4">uaudio(4)</a>.
    <li>Improved support for
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bwi.4">bwi(4)</a> devices on strict-alignment architectures like armish.
      <li>Eliminate usage of SCSI tagged queueing mechanisms other than simple queuing, thus avoiding incorrect implementations on various disk devices.
      <li>Eliminate spurious <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a> error messages when the specified interface does not exist.
      <li>Eliminate spurious <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> error messages for removable devices without media.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>New tools:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/newfs_ext2fs.8">newfs_ext2fs(8)</a> for creating ext2 filesystems.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mkuboot.8">mkuboot(8)</a> for creating U-Boot boot loader images.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/midicat.1">midicat(1)</a> MIDI server allowing MIDI programs to communicate
    <li>POSIX-compliant <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fuser.1">fuser(1)</a> to identify process IDs holding a file open
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Filesystem midlayer improvements:
    <ul>
    <li> Dynamic Buffer Cache now supported to a max size set with sysctl <code>kern.bufcachepercent</code>
    <li> Dynamic VFS name cache rewrite, now uses Red/Black trees instead of linked lists.
    <li> Numerous NFS client stability fixes.
    <li> Fix FAT32 mounting.
    <li> Fix cd9660 directory handling to eliminate looping and random
	 truncation of directory entries.
    <li> Fix various internal locking problems with cd9660, udf, msdosfs and ffs file systems.
    </ul>
<p>

<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>nat-to, rdr-to, binat-to options replace the nat, rdr and binat
    translation rules. See
    <a href="faq/upgrade47.html#newPFnat">
    pf(4) address translation changes</a> for more info.
    <li>The route-to, reply-to, dup-to and fastroute options in pf.conf move to
    filteropts. See <a href="faq/upgrade47.html#newPFrouteto">
    pf(4) route-to/reply-to syntax change</a> for more info.
    <li>pf(4) can now <i>translate</i> packets between different routing
    domains.
    <li>Added -S and -L options to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> to store and load pf state table from a file.
    <li>Added support for IPV4 and IPv6 divert sockets.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD and other routing daemon improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>Update capability code in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a> to follow RFC 5492.
    <li>BGP MPLS VPN (RFC 4364) support added to the bgpd RIB.
    <li>In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>, implement the RFC4486 BGP Cease Notification Message subcodes.
    <li>It is now possible to enable/disable specific BGP capabilities.
    <li>Update <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a> irrfilter to support IPv6 and 4-byte AS numbers.
    <li>Minimal router-dead-time of 1 second and sub-second hello intervals
    added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>.
    Additionally it is now possible to specify sub-second SPF timers for faster
    route fail-over.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a> is now installed by default.
    The RIB can be synced with the kernel routing table now.
    Support for AS-ext LSA has been added.
    This is still work-in-progress but testing is highly appreciated.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd</a> &ndash; the MPLS label distribution protocol daemon &ndash; is now installed by default. A custom kernel with option MPLS is needed to use it.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Generic network stack improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>brconfig is now integrated into
    <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vether.4">vether(4)</a>, a virtual Ethernet device.
    <li>Two bugs in IPsec/HMAC-SHA2 were fixed, resulting in an incompatibility
    with the HMAC-SHA-256/384/512 hash algorithms with previous versions of
    OpenBSD and other IPsec implementations sharing the bugs.
    <li>In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>, echo back the Relay Agent Information option if present, and add support for the ipsec-tunnel hardware type.
    <li>Make <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcrelay.8">dhcrelay(8)</a> pick up the routing domain from the specified interface and use that rdomain for relaying the packets to the server.
    <li>Added support in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcrelay.8">dhcrelay(8)</a> for RFC3046 "DHCP-over-ipsec".
    <li>Make the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a> BGP OPEN capability parser RFC 5492 compliant.
    <li>Added an exec command to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/route.8">route(8)</a> to run a process and its children in a specified routing domain.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a> now deals with more than 64 alias addresses.
    <li>Various fixes to mbuf defragmenting and mbuf chain copying improve reliability.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Assorted improvements:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>
     now has an <code>S</code> flag to turn on the options that help debugging
     and improve security.
    <li>Updated <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/terminfo.3">terminfo(3)</a>
     database and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ncurses.3">ncurses(3)</a>
     library.
    <li>Added support for lazy binding in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ld.so.1">ld.so(1)</a>
      on hppa.
    <li>Added POSIX silent check option (<code>-C</code>) to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sort.1">sort(1)</a>.
    <li>Added POSIX extended regular expression support to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sed.1">sed(1)</a> (<code>-E</code> option).
    <li>Added GNU-compatible macro prefix option (<code>-P</code>) to
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/m4.1">m4(1)</a>.
    <li>Make it possible to specify a port in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolv.conf.5">resolv.conf(5)</a>.
    <li>Improved FILE locking support in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/stdio.3">stdio(3)</a>.
    <li>Added SO_SNDTIMEO and SO_RCVTIMEO support in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pthreads.3">pthreads(3)</a>.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cdio.1">cdio(1)</a> no longer prints bogus information if no TOC is found on the disk.
    <li>New -v flag causes <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cdio.1">cdio(1)</a> to print profile and feature information.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/whois.1">whois(1)</a> no longer attempts to keep the memory of 6Bone alive.
    <li>Added per-application MIDI-controlled volume knob to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>
    <li>Added MMC and MTC support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a> making possible MIDI-to-audio synchronization
    <li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mio_open.3">mio_open(3)</a> interface to access hardware and software MIDI ports
    <li>Many memory leaks found by parfait and eliminated.
    <li>Make handling of floppy disk disklabels more reliable by properly
       initializing starting label.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Install/Upgrade process changes:
    <ul>
    <li>Take more care to ensure all filesystems are umount'ed when
	restarting an install or upgrade.
    <li>If no possible root disk is found, keep checking until one
	appears.
    <li>The default ftp directory for -stable is now the release directory
	instead of the snapshot directory.
    <li>Selection of TZ during installs is no longer confused by
	trailing slashes.
    <li>If /etc/X11 is found during upgrades, add the X sets to the
	list of default sets to install.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>OpenSSH 5.5:
    <ul>
    <li>New features:
        <ul>
        <li>SSH protocol 1 is disabled by default.
        <li>Remove the libsectok/OpenSC-based smartcard code and add support
            for PKCS#11 tokens.
        <li>Add support for certificate authentication of users and hosts using
            a new, minimal OpenSSH certificate format (not X.509).
        <li>Added a 'netcat mode' to
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>.
        <li>Add the ability to revoke keys in
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
            and
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>.
        <li>Rewrite the
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
            multiplexing support to support non-blocking operation of the mux
            master.
        <li>Add a 'read-only' mode to
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>
            that disables open in write mode and all other fs-modifying
            protocol methods. (bz#430)
        <li>Allow setting an explicit umask on the
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>
            commandline to override whatever default the user has. (bz#1229)
        <li>Many improvements to the
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>
            client.
        <li>New RSA keys will be generated with a public exponent of 65537
            instead of the previous value 35.
        <li>Passphrase-protected SSH protocol 2 private keys are now protected
            with AES-128 instead of 3DES.
        </ul>
    <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
        <ul>
        <li>Fixed a minor information leak of environment variables specified
            in authorized_keys if an attacker happens to know the public key
            in use.
        <li>When using <em>ChrootDirectory</em>, make sure we test for the
            existence of the user's shell inside the chroot and not outside.
            (bz#1679)
        <li>Cache user and group name lookups in sftp-server using
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pwcache.3">user_from_[ug]id(3)</a>
            to improve performance on hosts where these operations are slow.
            (bz#1495)
        <li>Fix problem that prevented passphrase reading from being
            interrupted in some circumstances. (bz#1590)
        <li>Ignore and log any Protocol 1 keys where the claimed size is not
            equal to the actual size.
        <li>Make <em>HostBased</em> authentication work with a
            <em>ProxyCommand</em>. (bz#1569)
        <li>Avoid run-time failures when specifying hostkeys via a relative
            path by prepending the current working directory in these cases.
            (bz#1290)
        <li>Do not prompt for a passphrase if we fail to open a keyfile, and
            log the reason why the open failed to debug. (bz#1693)
        <li>Document that the <em>PubkeyAuthentication</em> directive is
            allowed in a
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>
            <em>Match</em> block. (bz#1577)
        <li>When converting keys, truncate key comments at 72 chars as per
            RFC4716. (bz#1630)
        <li>Do not allow logins if <em>/etc/nologin</em> exists but is not
            readable by the user logging in.
        <li>Output a debug log if
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
            can't open an existing <em>authorized_keys</em>. (bz#1694)
        <li>Quell
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcsetattr.3">tc[gs]etattr(3)</a>
            warnings when forcing a tty (ssh -tt), since we usually don't
            actually have a tty to read/set. (bz#1686)
        <li>Prevent
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>
            from crashing when given a "-" without a command; also, allow
            whitespace to follow a "-". (bz#1691)
        <li>After
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
            receives a SIGHUP, ignore subsequent HUPs while
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
            re-execs itself; prevents two HUPs in quick succession from
            resulting in
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>
            dying. (bz#1692)
        <li>Clarify in
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5">sshd_config(5)</a>
            that <em>StrictModes</em> does not apply to
            <em>ChrootDirectory</em>; permissions and ownership are always
            checked when chrooting. (bz#1532)
        <li>Set close-on-exec on various descriptors so they don't get leaked
            to child processes. (bz#1643)
        <li>Fix very rare race condition in x11/agent channel allocation
        <li>Fix incorrect exit status when multiplexing and channel ID 0 is
            recycled. (bz#1570)
        <li>Fail with an error when an attempt is made to connect to a server
            with <em>ForceCommand=internal-sftp</em> with a shell session.
            (bz#1606)
        <li>Warn but do not fail if
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/stat.2">stat(2)</a>ing
            the subsystem binary fails. (bz#1599)
        <li>Change "Connecting to host..." message to "Connected to host."
            and delay it until after the sftp protocol connection has been
            established. (bz#1588)
        <li>Use the <em>HostKeyAlias</em> rather than the hostname specified
            on the commandline when prompting for passwords. (bz#1039)
        <li>Correct off-by-one in percent_expand(). (bz#1607)
        <li>Fix passing of empty options from
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>
            and
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>
            to the underlying
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>;
            also add support for the stop option "--".
        <li>Fix an incorrect magic number and typo in PROTOCOL. (bz#1688)
        <li>Don't escape backslashes when displaying the SSH2 banner. (bz#1533)
        <li>Don't unnecessarily dup() the in and out fds for
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>.
            (bz#1566)
        <li>Force use of the correct hash function for random-art signature
            display. (bz#1611)
        <li>Do not fall back to adding keys without constraints when the agent
            refuses the constrained add request. (bz#1612)
        <li>Fix a race condition in
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>
            that could result in a wedged or spinning agent. (bz#1633)
        <li>Flush stdio before exec() to ensure that everything has made it out
            before the streams go away. (bz#1596)
        <li>Set <em>FD_CLOEXEC</em> on in/out sockets in
            <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>.
            (bz#1706)
        </ul>
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Over 5,800 ports, major robustness and speed improvements in package tools.
<li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
    <ul style="column-count: 4">
    <li>i386:       5951
    <li>sparc64:    5745
    <li>alpha:      5641
    <li>sh:          768
    <li>amd64:      5879
    <li>powerpc:    5785
    <li>sparc:      4053
    <li>arm:        3711
    <li>hppa:       5500
    <li>vax:        1785
    <li>mips64:     3690
    <li>mips64el:   4316
    </ul>
Some highlights:
    <ul>
    <li>Gnome 2.28.2.
    <li>KDE 3.5.10.
    <li>Xfce 4.6.1.
    <li>MySQL 5.1.42.
    <li>PostgreSQL 8.4.2.
    <li>Postfix 2.6.5.
    <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43.
    <li>Mozilla Firefox 3.0.18 and 3.5.8.
    <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0.0.23.
    <li>OpenOffice.org 3.1.1.
    <li>Emacs 21.4 and 22.3
    <li>Vim 7.2.267.
    <li>PHP 5.2.12.
    <li>Python 2.4.6, 2.5.4 and 2.6.3.
    <li>Ruby 1.8.6.369.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<p>

<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
    <ul>
    <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.4 with xserver 1.6.5 + patches,
	freetype 2.3.9,
        fontconfig 2.6.0, Mesa 7.4.2, xterm 250 and more)
    <li>Gcc 2.95.3 (+ patches) and 3.3.5 (+ patches)
    <li>Perl 5.10.1 (+ patches)
    <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS
        and DSO support
    <li>OpenSSL 0.9.8k (+ patches)
    <li>Groff 1.15
    <li>Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter
    <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
    <li>Lynx 2.8.6rel.5 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
    <li>Sudo 1.7.2
    <li>Ncurses 5.7
    <li>Latest KAME IPv6
    <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
    <li>Arla 0.35.7
    <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
    <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
    </ul>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
form of install.  The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
purchased a CDROM instead.
<p>

<hr>
Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 4.7 on your machine:
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/i386/INSTALL.i386">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/i386/INSTALL.i386 (on CD1)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/amd64/INSTALL.amd64 (on CD2)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/macppc/INSTALL.macppc (on CD2)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64 (on CD3)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/armish/INSTALL.armish">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/armish/INSTALL.armish</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/hp300/INSTALL.hp300">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/hp300/INSTALL.hp300</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/socppc/INSTALL.socppc">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/socppc/INSTALL.socppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/sparc/INSTALL.sparc">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/sparc/INSTALL.sparc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/vax/INSTALL.vax">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/vax/INSTALL.vax</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus">
	.../OpenBSD/4.7/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus</a>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=quickinstall>

<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when
installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!

<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>

<p>
Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
<i>CD1:4.7/i386/floppy47.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.

<p>
Use <i>CD1:4.7/i386/floppyB47.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
support, or <i>CD1:4.7/i386/floppyC47.fs</i> for better laptop support.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.

<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.

<p>
To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located
at <i>CD1:4.7/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
use the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>
utility. The following is an example usage of
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>,
where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or
&quot;rfd0a&quot;.

<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
<a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>

<p>
The 4.7 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
your BIOS options first.
If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
To do this, write <i>CD2:4.7/amd64/floppy47.fs</i> to a floppy, then
boot from the floppy drive.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.

<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.

<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>

<p>
Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
<i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.

<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/4.7/macppc/bsd.rd</i>

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>

<p>
Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.

<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>CD3:4.7/sparc64/floppy47.fs</i> or <i>CD3:4.7/sparc64/floppyB47.fs</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
You can also write <i>CD3:4.7/sparc64/miniroot47.fs</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.

<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.

<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>4.7/alpha/floppy47.fs</i> or
<i>4.7/alpha/floppyB47.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<h3>OpenBSD/armish:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
More details are available in INSTALL.armish.

<h3>OpenBSD/hp300:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.

<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot47.fs</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.

<h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot47.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme68k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme88k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>

<p>
To install on an O2, burn cd47.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
menu.

<p>
On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
the kernel matching your system type.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/socppc:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc:</h3>

<p>
Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot cdrom 4.7/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b sd(0,6,0)4.7/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
To do so you need to write <i>floppy47.fs</i> to a floppy.
For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.
To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot floppy</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b fd()</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
INSTALL.sparc file.

<h3>OpenBSD/vax:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.

<h3>OpenBSD/zaurus:</h3>

<p>
Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
openbsd47_arm.ipk package.  Reboot, then run it.  Read INSTALL.zaurus
for a few important details.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
in a separate archive.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 4.6 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade47.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go
read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cvs.1">cvs(1)</a> if
you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete
source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs.  So, in
order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_7</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
packages for the 4.7 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>