diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ecf1c6aa..91d63a08 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ on the default behavior.
 
 ### Bugfix
 - Upgrade golang and project dependencies to the latest version
+- Change use of deprecated print `::set-output` to write to `$GITHUB_OUTPUT` file
 
 ## v1.2.0 - 2024-08-09
 
diff --git a/internal/testutil/gha_output.go b/internal/testutil/gha_output.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5de27813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/testutil/gha_output.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package testutil
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app/gha"
+)
+
+type GithubOutputWriter struct {
+	File *os.File
+}
+
+func NewGithubOutputWriter(t *testing.T) GithubOutputWriter {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ghaOutputFileName := path.Join(t.TempDir(), "temporary_github_output_file")
+	t.Setenv(gha.GithubOutput, ghaOutputFileName)
+
+	ghaOutputFile, err := os.Create(ghaOutputFileName)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating temporary GHA output file for test: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return GithubOutputWriter{
+		File: ghaOutputFile,
+	}
+}
+
+func (ghaOut GithubOutputWriter) Result(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	actual, err := io.ReadAll(ghaOut.File)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to read temporary GHA output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	return string(actual)
+}
diff --git a/src/app/generate/generate.go b/src/app/generate/generate.go
index c0d44166..d743be5e 100644
--- a/src/app/generate/generate.go
+++ b/src/app/generate/generate.go
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ type appendDepSrc func([]changelog.Source, git.TagsVersionGetter, git.CommitsGet
 //
 //nolint:gocyclo,cyclop
 func Generate(cCtx *cli.Context) error {
-	gh := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	gh, err := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating github client: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	yamlPath := cCtx.String(common.YAMLFlag)
 	chFile, err := os.Create(yamlPath)
diff --git a/src/app/generate/generate_test.go b/src/app/generate/generate_test.go
index 147f435a..7ad51c81 100644
--- a/src/app/generate/generate_test.go
+++ b/src/app/generate/generate_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/git"
 )
@@ -37,18 +38,18 @@ This is a release note
 //nolint:funlen,paralleltest,maintidx
 func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		name           string
-		commits        []string
-		author         string
-		md             string
-		expected       string
-		outputExpected string
-		args           string
-		preCmdArgs     string
+		name              string
+		commits           []string
+		author            string
+		md                string
+		expected          string
+		expectedStdOutput string
+		expectedGHAOutput string
+		args              string
+		preCmdArgs        string
 	}{
 		{
 			name:       "Empty_Changelog_gha",
-			args:       "--exit-code=0",
 			preCmdArgs: "--gha=1",
 			md: strings.TrimSpace(`
 # Changelog
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ This is based on blah blah blah
 ### Enhancements
 - This is in the past and should not be included
 			`),
-			outputExpected: "::set-output name=empty-changelog::true\n",
+			expectedStdOutput: "",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "empty-changelog=true\n",
 			expected: strings.TrimSpace(`
 notes: ""
 changes: []
@@ -427,6 +429,7 @@ dependencies:
 	} {
 		//nolint:paralleltest
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
 			tDir := repoWithCommits(t, tc.author, tc.commits...)
 			tc.expected = calculateHashes(t, tDir, tc.expected)
 
@@ -460,8 +463,11 @@ dependencies:
 			if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.expected, string(yaml)); diff != "" {
 				t.Fatalf("Output YAML is not as expected:\n%s", diff)
 			}
-			if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.outputExpected {
-				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.outputExpected, actual)
+			if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expectedStdOutput {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
+			}
+			if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != tc.expectedGHAOutput {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, GHA output: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
 			}
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/src/app/gha/gha.go b/src/app/gha/gha.go
index 112bc045..27b32265 100644
--- a/src/app/gha/gha.go
+++ b/src/app/gha/gha.go
@@ -3,13 +3,22 @@
 package gha
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app/common"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
+var ErrEmptyFileName = errors.New("filename is an empty string")
+
+const (
+	GithubOutput = "GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+)
+
 // New creates a Github object that will print commands to the specified writer.
 func New(writer io.Writer) Github {
 	return Github{w: writer}
@@ -17,21 +26,35 @@ func New(writer io.Writer) Github {
 
 // NewFromCli takes a cli.Context and looks for common.GHAFlag on it. If it is set, it returns a Github object that
 // writes to the app's Writer. If it is not, it returns an empty Github object that does not write anything.
-func NewFromCli(cCtx *cli.Context) Github {
-	if cCtx.Bool(common.GHAFlag) {
-		return New(cCtx.App.Writer)
+func NewFromCli(cCtx *cli.Context) (Github, error) {
+	if !cCtx.Bool(common.GHAFlag) {
+		return New(io.Discard), nil
+	}
+
+	filename := os.Getenv(GithubOutput)
+
+	if filename == "" {
+		return Github{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid output file: %w", ErrEmptyFileName)
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644) //nolint:mnd,magicnumber
+	if err != nil {
+		return Github{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid output file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return New(io.Discard)
+	return New(file), nil
 }
 
 // Github is an object that output workflow commands.
 type Github struct {
-	w io.Writer
+	w  io.Writer
+	mu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // SetOutput outputs the `set-output` command.
-// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-output-parameter
-func (g Github) SetOutput(name string, value interface{}) {
-	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(g.w, "::set-output name=%s::%v\n", name, value)
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-output-parameter
+func (g *Github) SetOutput(name string, value interface{}) {
+	g.mu.Lock()
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(g.w, "%s=%v\n", name, value)
+	g.mu.Unlock()
 }
diff --git a/src/app/gha/gha_test.go b/src/app/gha/gha_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e05a0a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/gha/gha_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package gha_test
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app/gha"
+)
+
+//nolint:paralleltest
+func TestGHA_FileIsEmptyByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
+	if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected GHA output is empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGHA_OutputsAreAppended(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	buf := &strings.Builder{}
+	buf.WriteString("not-empty=true\nanother-line=true\n")
+
+	gha := gha.New(buf)
+
+	gha.SetOutput("test", 1)
+	gha.SetOutput("test", "out")
+
+	expected := strings.TrimSpace(`
+not-empty=true
+another-line=true
+test=1
+test=out
+	`) + "\n"
+
+	if actual := buf.String(); actual != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected:\n%s\n\ngot:\n%s", expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGHA_LockWritesAndDoesNotMangleOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	buf := &strings.Builder{}
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+
+	gha := gha.New(buf)
+
+	for range 5 {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			gha.SetOutput("test", 1)
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	expected := strings.TrimSpace(`
+test=1
+test=1
+test=1
+test=1
+test=1
+	`) + "\n"
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if actual := buf.String(); actual != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected:\n%s\n\ngot:\n%s", expected, actual)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/app/isempty/isempty.go b/src/app/isempty/isempty.go
index 00064465..fc806fa5 100644
--- a/src/app/isempty/isempty.go
+++ b/src/app/isempty/isempty.go
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@ var Cmd = &cli.Command{
 
 // IsEmpty is a command function which loads a changelog.yaml file, and prints to stdout whether it is empty or not.
 func IsEmpty(cCtx *cli.Context) error {
-	gh := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	gh, err := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating github client: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	chPath := cCtx.String(common.YAMLFlag)
 	chFile, err := os.Open(chPath)
diff --git a/src/app/isempty/isempty_test.go b/src/app/isempty/isempty_test.go
index 012cb64d..94a98a8b 100644
--- a/src/app/isempty/isempty_test.go
+++ b/src/app/isempty/isempty_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package isempty_test
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app"
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app/gha"
 )
 
 //nolint:paralleltest,gocyclo,cyclop
@@ -32,24 +35,27 @@ changes: []
 `)
 
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		cmd         string
-		expected    string
-		errExpected bool
+		cmd               string
+		expectedStdOutput string
+		expectedGHAOutput string
+		errExpected       bool
 	}{
 		{
-			cmd:         fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-empty", filepath),
-			expected:    "true\n",
-			errExpected: false,
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-empty", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "true\n",
+			errExpected:       false,
 		},
 		{
-			cmd:         fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty", filepath),
-			expected:    "true\n::set-output name=is-empty::true\n",
-			errExpected: false,
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "true\n",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "is-empty=true\n",
+			errExpected:       false,
 		},
 		{
-			cmd:         fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
-			expected:    "true\n::set-output name=is-empty::true\n",
-			errExpected: true,
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "true\n",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "is-empty=true\n",
+			errExpected:       true,
 		},
 	} {
 		var errValue int
@@ -57,6 +63,14 @@ changes: []
 			errValue = code
 		}
 
+		ghaOutputFileName := path.Join(t.TempDir(), "temporary_github_output_file")
+		t.Setenv(gha.GithubOutput, ghaOutputFileName)
+
+		ghaOutputFile, err := os.Create(ghaOutputFileName)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Error creating temporary GHA output file for test: %v", err)
+		}
+
 		buf.Reset()
 		err = app.Run(strings.Fields(tc.cmd))
 		if err != nil && !tc.errExpected {
@@ -66,8 +80,8 @@ changes: []
 			t.Fatalf("An error was expected running app: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expected {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expected, actual)
+		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expectedStdOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
 		}
 
 		if errValue != 1 && tc.errExpected {
@@ -77,6 +91,14 @@ changes: []
 		if errValue == 1 && !tc.errExpected {
 			t.Fatalf("An exit code 1 was not expected")
 		}
+
+		actual, err := io.ReadAll(ghaOutputFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to read temporary GHA output file: %v", err)
+		}
+		if string(actual) != tc.expectedGHAOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, GHA output: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,16 +123,18 @@ changes:
 `)
 
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		cmd      string
-		expected string
+		cmd               string
+		expectedStdOutput string
+		expectedGHAOutput string
 	}{
 		{
-			cmd:      fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
-			expected: "false\n",
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "false\n",
 		},
 		{
-			cmd:      fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
-			expected: "false\n::set-output name=is-empty::false\n",
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-empty -fail", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "false\n",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "is-empty=false\n",
 		},
 	} {
 		var errValue int
@@ -118,14 +142,19 @@ changes:
 			errValue = code
 		}
 
+		ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
+
 		buf.Reset()
 		err = app.Run(strings.Fields(tc.cmd))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error running app: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expected {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expected, actual)
+		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expectedStdOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
+		}
+		if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != tc.expectedGHAOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, GHA output: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
 		}
 
 		if errValue != 0 {
diff --git a/src/app/isheld/isheld.go b/src/app/isheld/isheld.go
index c1cc1956..76f0b8f8 100644
--- a/src/app/isheld/isheld.go
+++ b/src/app/isheld/isheld.go
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ var Cmd = &cli.Command{
 // IsHeld is a command function which loads a changelog.yaml file from this, and prints to stdout whether it has the
 // Held flag set to true.
 func IsHeld(cCtx *cli.Context) error {
-	gh := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	gh, err := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating github client: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	chPath := cCtx.String(common.YAMLFlag)
 	chFile, err := os.Open(chPath)
diff --git a/src/app/isheld/isheld_test.go b/src/app/isheld/isheld_test.go
index 5d2839dd..135689fc 100644
--- a/src/app/isheld/isheld_test.go
+++ b/src/app/isheld/isheld_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app"
 )
 
@@ -32,26 +33,32 @@ changes:
 `)
 
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		cmd      string
-		expected string
+		cmd               string
+		expectedStdOutput string
+		expectedGHAOutput string
 	}{
 		{
-			cmd:      fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-held", filepath),
-			expected: "true\n",
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -yaml %s is-held", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "true\n",
 		},
 		{
-			cmd:      fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-held", filepath),
-			expected: "true\n::set-output name=is-held::true\n",
+			cmd:               fmt.Sprintf("rt -gha=1 -yaml %s is-held", filepath),
+			expectedStdOutput: "true\n",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "is-held=true\n",
 		},
 	} {
+		ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
 		buf.Reset()
 		err = app.Run(strings.Fields(tc.cmd))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error running app: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expected {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expected, actual)
+		if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expectedStdOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, app printed: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
+		}
+		if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != tc.expectedGHAOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected %q, GHA output: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/app/nextversion/nextversion.go b/src/app/nextversion/nextversion.go
index 4769607a..0a96375c 100644
--- a/src/app/nextversion/nextversion.go
+++ b/src/app/nextversion/nextversion.go
@@ -105,7 +105,10 @@ next-version will exit with an error if no previous versions are found in the gi
 //
 //nolint:gocyclo,cyclop
 func NextVersion(cCtx *cli.Context) error {
-	gh := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	gh, err := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating github client: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	nextOverride, err := parseNextFlag(cCtx.String(nextFlag))
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/src/app/nextversion/nextversion_test.go b/src/app/nextversion/nextversion_test.go
index 2b920c2c..f70f0b88 100644
--- a/src/app/nextversion/nextversion_test.go
+++ b/src/app/nextversion/nextversion_test.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/bump"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/bumper"
@@ -17,17 +18,18 @@ import (
 //nolint:paralleltest, funlen // urfave/cli cannot be tested concurrently.
 func TestNextVersion_Without_Repo(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		name          string
-		yaml          string
-		expected      string
-		errorExpected error
-		args          string
-		globalargs    string
+		name              string
+		yaml              string
+		expectedStdOutput string
+		expectedGHAOutput string
+		errorExpected     error
+		args              string
+		globalargs        string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:     "Overrides_Next_And_Current",
-			args:     "-next v0.0.1 -current v1.2.3",
-			expected: "v0.0.1",
+			name:              "Overrides_Next_And_Current",
+			args:              "-next v0.0.1 -current v1.2.3",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v0.0.1",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 notes: |-
     ### Important announcement (note)
@@ -47,9 +49,9 @@ dependencies:
 			`),
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "Bumps_Patch",
-			args:     "-current v1.2.3",
-			expected: "v1.2.4",
+			name:              "Bumps_Patch",
+			args:              "-current v1.2.3",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v1.2.4",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 changes:
 - type: bugfix
@@ -57,9 +59,9 @@ changes:
 			`),
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "Bumps_Minor",
-			args:     "-current v1.2.3",
-			expected: "v1.3.0",
+			name:              "Bumps_Minor",
+			args:              "-current v1.2.3",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v1.3.0",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 changes:
 - type: enhancement
@@ -67,9 +69,9 @@ changes:
 			`),
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "Bumps_Major",
-			args:     "-current v1.2.3",
-			expected: "v2.0.0",
+			name:              "Bumps_Major",
+			args:              "-current v1.2.3",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v2.0.0",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 changes:
 - type: breaking
@@ -77,10 +79,11 @@ changes:
 			`),
 		},
 		{
-			name:       "Bumps_Major_GHA",
-			globalargs: "-gha=true",
-			args:       "-current v1.2.3",
-			expected:   "v2.0.0\n::set-output name=next-version::v2.0.0\n::set-output name=next-version-major::v2\n::set-output name=next-version-major-minor::v2.0",
+			name:              "Bumps_Major_GHA",
+			globalargs:        "-gha=true",
+			args:              "-current v1.2.3",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v2.0.0",
+			expectedGHAOutput: "next-version=v2.0.0\nnext-version-major=v2\nnext-version-major-minor=v2.0\n",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 changes:
 - type: breaking
@@ -88,9 +91,9 @@ changes:
 			`),
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "No_Bump_without_failing",
-			args:     "-current v1.2.3 -fail=false",
-			expected: "v1.2.3",
+			name:              "No_Bump_without_failing",
+			args:              "-current v1.2.3 -fail=false",
+			expectedStdOutput: "v1.2.3",
 			yaml: strings.TrimSpace(`
 changes: []
 			`),
@@ -108,6 +111,7 @@ changes: []
 		//nolint:paralleltest // urfave/cli cannot be tested concurrently.
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			tDir := t.TempDir()
+			ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
 
 			app := app.App()
 
@@ -127,9 +131,11 @@ changes: []
 				t.Fatalf("Expected error %v, got %v", tc.errorExpected, err)
 			}
 
-			actual := buf.String()
-			if tc.expected != "" && actual != tc.expected+"\n" {
-				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, got %q", tc.expected, actual)
+			if actual := buf.String(); tc.expectedStdOutput != "" && actual != tc.expectedStdOutput+"\n" {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, App printed: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
+			}
+			if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != tc.expectedGHAOutput {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected %q, GHA output: %q", tc.expectedStdOutput, actual)
 			}
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/src/app/validate/validate.go b/src/app/validate/validate.go
index 80b3860a..7db006bf 100644
--- a/src/app/validate/validate.go
+++ b/src/app/validate/validate.go
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ var Cmd = &cli.Command{
 // Validate is a command function which loads a changelog.md file, and prints to stderr
 // all the errors found.
 func Validate(cCtx *cli.Context) error {
-	gh := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	gh, err := gha.NewFromCli(cCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating github client: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	mdPath := cCtx.String(markdownPathFlag)
 	chFile, err := os.Open(mdPath)
diff --git a/src/app/validate/validate_test.go b/src/app/validate/validate_test.go
index af5e1706..268fc931 100644
--- a/src/app/validate/validate_test.go
+++ b/src/app/validate/validate_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/internal/testutil"
 	"github.com/newrelic/release-toolkit/src/app"
 )
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ Support has been removed
 "Important announcement (note)" header found with empty content
 "Breaking" header must contain only an itemized list
 `, "\n"),
-			expectedGha: "::set-output name=valid::false\n",
+			expectedGha: "valid=false\n",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Valid_Changelog",
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ This is a release note
 `),
 			args:        "--exit-code=0",
 			expectedErr: "",
-			expectedGha: "::set-output name=valid::true\n",
+			expectedGha: "valid=true\n",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Invalid_Changelog_Only_Notes",
@@ -154,12 +155,11 @@ unreleased changelog can't only contain notes
 		//nolint:paralleltest // urfave/cli cannot be tested concurrently.
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			tDir := t.TempDir()
+			ghaOutput := testutil.NewGithubOutputWriter(t)
 
 			app := app.App()
 			bufErr := &strings.Builder{}
-			buf := &strings.Builder{}
 			app.ErrWriter = bufErr
-			app.Writer = buf
 
 			mdPath := path.Join(tDir, "CHANGELOG.md")
 			mdFile, err := os.Create(mdPath)
@@ -178,8 +178,7 @@ unreleased changelog can't only contain notes
 			if actual := bufErr.String(); actual != tc.expectedErr {
 				t.Fatalf("Expected:\n%s\n\napp printed:\n%s", tc.expectedErr, actual)
 			}
-
-			if actual := buf.String(); actual != tc.expectedGha {
+			if actual := ghaOutput.Result(t); actual != tc.expectedGha {
 				t.Fatalf("Expected:\n%s\n\napp printed:\n%s", tc.expectedGha, actual)
 			}
 		})