stacktrace_windows.cpp

/** ==========================================================================
 * Original code made by Robert Engeln. Given as a PUBLIC DOMAIN dedication for
 * the benefit of g3log.  It was originally published at:
 * http://code-freeze.blogspot.com/2012/01/generating-stack-traces-from-c.html

 * 2014-2015: adapted for g3log by Kjell Hedstrom (KjellKod).
 *
 * This is PUBLIC DOMAIN to use at your own risk and comes
 * with no warranties. This code is yours to share, use and modify with no
 * strings attached and no restrictions or obligations.
 *
 * For more information see g3log/LICENSE or refer refer to http://unlicense.org
 * ============================================================================*/

#include "g3log/stacktrace_windows.hpp"

#include <windows.h>
#include <dbghelp.h>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <mutex>
#include <g3log/g3log.hpp>

#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")


#if !(defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
#error "stacktrace_win.cpp used but not on a windows system"
#endif



#define g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(x) {x, #x}

namespace {
   thread_local size_t g_thread_local_recursive_crash_check = 0;

   const std::map<g3::SignalType, std::string> kExceptionsAsText = {
      g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
      , g3_MAP_PAIR_STRINGIFY(EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP)

   };


   // Using the given context, fill in all the stack frames.
   // Which then later can be interpreted to human readable text
   void captureStackTrace(CONTEXT *context, std::vector<uint64_t> &frame_pointers) {
      DWORD machine_type = 0;
      STACKFRAME64 frame = {}; // force zeroeing
      frame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
      frame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
      frame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
#ifdef _M_X64
      frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Rip;
      frame.AddrFrame.Offset = context->Rbp;
      frame.AddrStack.Offset = context->Rsp;
      machine_type = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64;
#else
      frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Eip;
      frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Ebp;
      frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Esp;
      machine_type = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386;
#endif
      for (size_t index = 0; index < frame_pointers.size(); ++index)
      {
         if (StackWalk64(machine_type,
                         GetCurrentProcess(),
                         GetCurrentThread(),
                         &frame,
                         context,
                         NULL,
                         SymFunctionTableAccess64,
                         SymGetModuleBase64,
                         NULL)) {
            frame_pointers[index] = frame.AddrPC.Offset;
         } else {
            break;
         }
      }
   }



   // extract readable text from a given stack frame. All thanks to
   // using SymFromAddr and SymGetLineFromAddr64 with the stack pointer
   std::string getSymbolInformation(const size_t index, const std::vector<uint64_t> &frame_pointers) {
      auto addr = frame_pointers[index];
      std::string frame_dump = "stack dump [" + std::to_string(index) + "]\t";

      DWORD64 displacement64;
      DWORD displacement;
      char symbol_buffer[sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO) + 256];
      SYMBOL_INFO *symbol = reinterpret_cast<SYMBOL_INFO *>(symbol_buffer);
      symbol->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO);
      symbol->MaxNameLen = MAX_SYM_NAME;

      IMAGEHLP_LINE64 line;
      line.SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_LINE64);
      std::string lineInformation;
      std::string callInformation;
      if (SymFromAddr(GetCurrentProcess(), addr, &displacement64, symbol)) {
         callInformation.append(" ").append({std::string(symbol->Name), symbol->NameLen});
         if (SymGetLineFromAddr64(GetCurrentProcess(), addr, &displacement, &line)) {
            lineInformation.append("\t").append(line.FileName).append(" L: ");
            lineInformation.append(std::to_string(line.LineNumber));
         }
      }
      frame_dump.append(lineInformation).append(callInformation);
      return frame_dump;
   }


   // Retrieves all the symbols for the stack frames, fills them witin a text representation and returns it
   std::string convertFramesToText(std::vector<uint64_t> &frame_pointers) {
      std::string dump; // slightly more efficient than ostringstream
      const size_t kSize = frame_pointers.size();
      for (size_t index = 0; index < kSize && frame_pointers[index]; ++index) {
         dump += getSymbolInformation(index, frame_pointers);
         dump += "\n";
      }
      return dump;
   }
} // anonymous




namespace stacktrace {
   const std::string kUnknown = {"UNKNOWN EXCEPTION"};
   /// return the text description of a Windows exception code
   /// From MSDN GetExceptionCode http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms679356(v=vs.85).aspx
   std::string exceptionIdToText(g3::SignalType id) {
      const auto iter = kExceptionsAsText.find(id);
      if ( iter == kExceptionsAsText.end()) {
         std::string unknown = {kUnknown + ":" + std::to_string(id)};
         return unknown;
      }
      return iter->second;
   }

   /// Yes a double lookup: first for isKnownException and then exceptionIdToText
   /// for vectored exceptions we only deal with known exceptions so this tiny
   /// overhead we can live with
   bool isKnownException(g3::SignalType id) {
      return (kExceptionsAsText.end() != kExceptionsAsText.find(id));
   }

   /// helper function: retrieve stackdump from no excisting exception pointer
   std::string stackdump() {
      CONTEXT current_context;
      memset(&current_context, 0, sizeof(CONTEXT));
      RtlCaptureContext(&current_context);
      return stackdump(&current_context);
   }

   /// helper function: retrieve stackdump, starting from an exception pointer
   std::string stackdump(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *info) {
      auto context = info->ContextRecord;
      return stackdump(context);

   }


   /// main stackdump function. retrieve stackdump, from the given context
   std::string stackdump(CONTEXT *context) {

      if (g_thread_local_recursive_crash_check >= 2) { // In Debug scenarious we allow one extra pass
         std::string recursive_crash = {"\n\n\n***** Recursive crash detected"};
         recursive_crash.append(", cannot continue stackdump traversal. *****\n\n\n");
         return recursive_crash;
      }
      ++g_thread_local_recursive_crash_check;

      static std::mutex m;
      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);
      {
         const BOOL kLoadSymModules = TRUE;
         const auto initialized = SymInitialize(GetCurrentProcess(), nullptr, kLoadSymModules);
         if (TRUE != initialized) {
            return { "Error: Cannot call SymInitialize(...) for retrieving symbols in stack" };
         }

         std::shared_ptr<void> RaiiSymCleaner(nullptr, [&](void *) {
            SymCleanup(GetCurrentProcess());
         }); // Raii sym cleanup


         const size_t kmax_frame_dump_size = 64;
         std::vector<uint64_t>  frame_pointers(kmax_frame_dump_size);
         // C++11: size set and values are zeroed

         assert(frame_pointers.size() == kmax_frame_dump_size);
         captureStackTrace(context, frame_pointers);
         return convertFramesToText(frame_pointers);
      }
   }

} // stacktrace