diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 88ba5ea..e08c794 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
+target/
 .DS_Store
-__pycache__/
-*.pyc
-
diff --git a/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml b/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
index 5e31071..a6e2c6f 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
@@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
   name: cargo fmt
   description: Format rust files with cargo fmt
   entry: pre_commit_rust fmt
-  language: python
+  language: rust
   types: [rust]
-  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.9.2
+  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.21.0
   require_serial: true
 - id: cargo-check
   name: cargo check
   description: Run cargo check for compilation errors
   entry: pre_commit_rust check
-  language: python
+  language: rust
   types: [rust]
-  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.9.2
+  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.21.0
   require_serial: true
 - id: cargo-clippy
   name: cargo clippy
   description: Run cargo clippy lint tool
   entry: pre_commit_rust clippy
-  language: python
+  language: rust
   types: [rust]
-  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.9.2
+  minimum_pre_commit_version: 2.21.0
   require_serial: true
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0e5d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anyhow"
+version = "1.0.70"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7de8ce5e0f9f8d88245311066a578d72b7af3e7088f32783804676302df237e4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.79"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "50d30906286121d95be3d479533b458f87493b30a4b5f79a607db8f5d11aa91f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap"
+version = "4.1.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3c911b090850d79fc64fe9ea01e28e465f65e821e08813ced95bced72f7a8a9b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "clap_derive",
+ "clap_lex",
+ "is-terminal",
+ "once_cell",
+ "strsim",
+ "termcolor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "4.1.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9a932373bab67b984c790ddf2c9ca295d8e3af3b7ef92de5a5bacdccdee4b09b"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "033f6b7a4acb1f358c742aaca805c939ee73b4c6209ae4318ec7aca81c42e646"
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+ "os_str_bytes",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "f639046355ee4f37944e44f60642c6f3a7efa3cf6b78c78a0d989a8ce6c396a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "errno-dragonfly",
+ "libc",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "errno-dragonfly"
+version = "0.1.2"
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+checksum = "aa68f1b12764fab894d2755d2518754e71b4fd80ecfb822714a1206c2aab39bf"
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+[[package]]
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+ "hermit-abi",
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
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+ "hermit-abi",
+ "io-lifetimes",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+ "anyhow",
+ "clap",
+ "glob",
+]
+
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+ "errno",
+ "io-lifetimes",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
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+ "proc-macro2",
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+ "unicode-ident",
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+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
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+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+]
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97b690c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "pre-commit-rust"
+version = "0.3.0"
+edition = "2021"
+authors = ["Kyle Kosic <kylekosic@gmail.com>"]
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "pre_commit_rust"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.70"
+clap = { version = "4.1.13", features = ["derive"] }
+glob = "0.3.1"
diff --git a/pre_commit_rust.py b/pre_commit_rust.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ff5898..0000000
--- a/pre_commit_rust.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-import argparse
-import glob
-import subprocess
-from functools import lru_cache
-from pathlib import Path
-
-
-def main() -> int:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.set_defaults(func=None)
-    sps = parser.add_subparsers(dest="cmd")
-
-    sp = sps.add_parser("fmt")
-    sp.add_argument(
-        "--config",
-        type=str,
-        help="Comma-separated key=value config pairs for rustfmt",
-    )
-    sp.set_defaults(func=run_fmt)
-    add_files_nargs(sp)
-
-    sp = sps.add_parser("check")
-    sp.add_argument(
-        "--features",
-        type=str,
-        help="Space or comma-separated list of features to check",
-    )
-    sp.add_argument(
-        "--all-features",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Activate all available features",
-    )
-    sp.set_defaults(func=run_check)
-    add_files_nargs(sp)
-
-    sp = sps.add_parser("clippy")
-    sp.set_defaults(func=run_clippy)
-    add_files_nargs(sp)
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.func is None:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return 1
-
-    run_dirs = get_run_dirs(args.files)
-    if not run_dirs:
-        return 0
-
-    failed = sum(args.func(args, d) for d in run_dirs)
-    return int(failed > 0)
-
-
-def add_files_nargs(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser):
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "files",
-        nargs="*",
-        type=Path,
-    )
-
-
-def get_run_dirs(changed_files: list[Path]) -> set[Path]:
-    root_dirs = find_cargo_root_dirs()
-    run_dirs: set[Path] = set()
-    for path in changed_files:
-        if not is_rust_file(path):
-            continue
-        roots = [d for d in root_dirs if path.is_relative_to(d)]
-        if not roots:
-            continue
-        root = max(roots, key=path_len)
-        run_dirs.add(root)
-    return run_dirs
-
-
-def find_cargo_root_dirs() -> list[Path]:
-    return [Path(p).parent for p in glob.glob("**/Cargo.toml", recursive=True)]
-
-
-def is_rust_file(path: Path) -> bool:
-    if path.suffix == ".rs":
-        return True
-    elif path.name in ["Cargo.toml", "Cargo.lock"]:
-        return True
-    return False
-
-
-@lru_cache
-def path_len(path: Path) -> int:
-    return len(path.parts)
-
-
-def run_fmt(args: argparse.Namespace, directory: Path) -> int:
-    cmd = "cargo fmt --"
-    if args.config:
-        cmd += f" --config {args.config}"
-    return run_action(cmd, directory)
-
-
-def run_check(args: argparse.Namespace, directory: Path) -> int:
-    cmd = "cargo check"
-    if args.features is not None:
-        cmd += f" --features={args.features}"
-    if args.all_features:
-        cmd += f" --all-features"
-    return run_action(cmd, directory)
-
-
-def run_clippy(_: argparse.Namespace, directory: Path) -> int:
-    cmd = "cargo clippy -- -D warnings"
-    return run_action(cmd, directory)
-
-
-def run_action(cmd: str, directory: Path) -> int:
-    proc = subprocess.run(cmd, cwd=directory, shell=True)
-    return proc.returncode
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    exit(main())
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f3a2f0c..0000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-from setuptools import setup
-
-setup(
-    name="pre_commit_rust",
-    version="0.1.0",
-    py_modules=["pre_commit_rust"],
-    entry_points={"console_scripts": ["pre_commit_rust=pre_commit_rust:main"]},
-)
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4e7d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Command, ExitCode};
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
+use glob::glob;
+
+/// Pre-commit hook for running cargo fmt/check/clippy against a repo.
+/// The target repo may contain multiple independent cargo projects or workspaces.
+#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
+struct Opts {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    cmd: Cmd,
+    /// List of chaned files to target
+    #[clap(global = true)]
+    files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+enum Cmd {
+    /// Run the rustfmt (cargo fmt) hook
+    Fmt {
+        /// Comma-separated key=value config pairs for rustfmt
+        #[clap(long)]
+        config: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Run the cargo check hook
+    Check {
+        /// Comma-separated list of features to check
+        #[clap(long)]
+        features: Option<String>,
+        /// Activate all available features
+        #[clap(long)]
+        all_features: bool,
+    },
+    /// Run the cargo clippy hook
+    Clippy,
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    let opts = Opts::parse();
+
+    let run_dirs = get_run_dirs(&opts.files);
+
+    let err_count = run_dirs
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|dir| match &opts.cmd {
+            Cmd::Fmt { config } => run_fmt(dir, config),
+            Cmd::Check {
+                features,
+                all_features,
+            } => run_check(dir, features, *all_features),
+            Cmd::Clippy => run_clippy(dir),
+        })
+        .filter(|res| match res {
+            Ok(()) => false,
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("{}", e);
+                true
+            }
+        })
+        .count();
+
+    if err_count > 0 {
+        ExitCode::FAILURE
+    } else {
+        ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    }
+}
+
+const NOT_FOUND: &str = "failed to run 'cargo'";
+
+fn run_fmt(dir: PathBuf, config: &Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = cargo();
+    cmd.args(["fmt", "--"]);
+
+    if let Some(config) = config {
+        cmd.args(["--config", config]);
+    }
+
+    cmd.current_dir(dir);
+    let status = cmd.status()?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("cargo fmt modified files");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn run_check(dir: PathBuf, features: &Option<String>, all_features: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = cargo();
+    cmd.arg("check");
+
+    if all_features {
+        cmd.arg("--all-features");
+    } else if let Some(features) = features {
+        cmd.args(["--features", features]);
+    }
+
+    cmd.current_dir(dir);
+    let status = cmd.status().context(NOT_FOUND)?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("cargo check failed");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn run_clippy(dir: PathBuf) -> Result<()> {
+    let status = cargo()
+        .args(["clippy", "--", "-D", "warnings"])
+        .current_dir(dir)
+        .status()
+        .context(NOT_FOUND)?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("cargo clippy failed");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn get_run_dirs(changed_files: &[PathBuf]) -> HashSet<PathBuf> {
+    let root_dirs = find_cargo_root_dirs();
+    let mut run_dirs: HashSet<PathBuf> = HashSet::new();
+    let current_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap();
+    for path in changed_files {
+        if !is_rust_file(path) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(root) = root_dirs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|d| path.starts_with(d))
+            .max_by_key(|path| path.components().count())
+        {
+            run_dirs.insert(current_dir.join(root));
+        }
+    }
+    run_dirs
+}
+
+fn find_cargo_root_dirs() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut dirs = Vec::new();
+    for entry in glob("**/Cargo.toml").unwrap() {
+        match entry {
+            Ok(path) => dirs.push(path.parent().unwrap().into()),
+            Err(e) => eprintln!("{e:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+    dirs
+}
+
+fn is_rust_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> bool {
+    let path = path.as_ref();
+    if let Some(ext) = path.extension() {
+        if ext == "rs" {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(name) = path.file_name() {
+        let name = name.to_string_lossy();
+        if ["Cargo.toml", "Cargo.lock"].contains(&name.as_ref()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+fn cargo() -> Command {
+    /// The compile-time location of cargo. Used to access the pre-commit managed environment
+    /// of cargo for subcommands;
+    const CARGO_HOME: &str = std::env!("CARGO_HOME");
+
+    let bin = PathBuf::from(CARGO_HOME).join("bin").join("cargo");
+    Command::new(bin)
+}